| 词条 | William Juxon |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|size=100|MRevd|&RHPC}} | name = William Juxon | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|}} | title = Archbishop of Canterbury | image = William Juxon from NPG.jpg | church = Church of England | province = Province of Canterbury | diocese = Diocese of Canterbury | elected = 13 September 1660 (elected); 20 September 1660 (election confirmed), Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey | enthroned = 25 September 1660 | term_end = 4 June 1663 (death) | predecessor = William Laud | successor = Gilbert Sheldon | other_post = President of St John's College, Oxford (1621–1633) Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford (1626–1628) Dean of Worcester (1628–1632) Clerk of the Closet (1632–1633) Bishop of Hereford (1633) Bishop of London (1633–1660) Lord High Treasurer (1636–1641) First Lord of the Admiralty (1636–1638) | birth_date = 1582 | birth_place = Chichester, Sussex, England | death_date = {{death date|1663|6|4|df=y}} (aged {{circa|81}} years) | death_place = Lambeth, Surrey, England | buried = 9 July 1663, Chapel of St John's College, Oxford | nationality = English | religion = Anglican | residence = | parents = Richard Juxon | occupation = also a minister of the Crown | profession = Lawyer; academic | alma_mater = St John's College, Oxford }}{{Ordination | ordained deacon by = | date of diaconal ordination = September 1606 | place of diaconal ordination = | ordained priest by = | date of priestly ordination = September 1607 | place of priestly ordination = | consecrated by = William Laud (Cantuar) | co-consecrators = Richard Neile (York), Francis White (Ely), William Murray (Llandaff), John Bowle (Rochester), John Bancroft (Oxford) | date of consecration = 27 October 1633 | place of consecration = | elevated by = | date of elevation = | bishop 1 = | consecration date 1 = | sources = [1] }}William Juxon (1582 – 4 June 1663) was an English churchman, Bishop of London from 1633 to 1649 and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1660 until his death.[2] LifeEducationJuxon was the son of Robert Juxon and was born probably in Chichester, and educated at the local grammar school, The Prebendal School. He then went on to Merchant Taylors' School, London, and St John's College, Oxford, where he was elected to a scholarship in 1598. Ecclesiastical officesJuxon studied law at Oxford, but afterwards took holy orders, and in 1609 became vicar of St Giles' Church, Oxford, where he stayed until he became rector of Somerton, Oxfordshire in 1615. In December 1621, he succeeded his friend, William Laud, as President (i.e. head) of St John's College, and in 1626 and 1627 he was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford. Juxon soon obtained other important positions, including that in 1632 of Clerk of the Closet to King Charles I. In 1627, he was made Dean of Worcester and in 1632 he was nominated to the See of Hereford and resigned the presidency of St John's in January 1633. Though he legally became Bishop of Hereford by the confirmation of his election in late July 1633,[3] he never took up duties at Hereford, as in October 1633 he was consecrated Bishop of London in succession to Laud. Secular officesIn March 1636 Charles I entrusted Juxon with important secular duties by making him Lord High Treasurer of England as well as First Lord of the Admiralty; for the next five years he had to deal with many financial and other difficulties. He resigned the treasurership in May 1641. During the Civil War, the bishop, against whom no charges were brought in parliament, lived undisturbed at Fulham Palace. His advice was often sought by the king, who had a very high opinion of him. The king selected Juxon to be with him on the scaffold and to offer him the last rites before his execution. Retirement and archbishopricJuxon was deprived of his bishopric in 1649 and retired to Little Compton in Gloucestershire, where he had bought an estate, and became famous as the owner of a pack of hounds. At the restoration of Charles II, letters missive were issued (on 2 September 1660) naming Juxon (Bishop of London) Archbishop of Canterbury. The congé d'élire was issued the next day and the chapter of Canterbury duly elected him on 13 September. The king's assent to the election was given on 15 September and the confirmation of Juxon's election (the legal ceremony by which he took office) was held in the Henry VII Chapel of Westminster Abbey on 20 September 1660.{{efn|The bishops present to confirm Juxon's election were: Accepted Frewen, Archbishop-designate of York and Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry; Brian Duppa, Bishop-elect of Winchester and Bishop of Salisbury; William Piers, Bishop of Bath and Wells; Matthew Wren, Bishop of Ely; Robert Skinner, Bishop of Oxford; William Roberts, Bishop of Bangor; John Warner, Bishop of Rochester; and Henry King, Bishop of Chichester.}}[4] He received the temporalities on 22 September and was enthroned at Canterbury on 25 September.[5] Juxon, as Archbishop of Canterbury, then took part in the new king's coronation, but his health soon began to fail and he died at Lambeth in 1663. By his will the archbishop was a benefactor to St John's College, where he was buried; he also aided the work of restoring St Paul's Cathedral and rebuilt the great hall at Lambeth Palace. MemorialsJuxon House, which stands north-west of St Paul's Cathedral at the top of Ludgate Hill in London and forms part of the Paternoster Square development, is named after him. Juxon Street on land at Walton Manor formerly owned by St John's College in the inner-city suburb of Jericho, Oxford, is also named after him [6] as is another Juxon Street at Lambeth Walk, close to Juxon's former residence at Lambeth Palace. Notes{{notelist}}1. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=bkROAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA204 Perceval, A.P. An Apology for the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession: with an Appendix on the English Orders] p. 204 (Google Books) 2. ^{{cite book| title=Serving God and Mammon: William Juxon, 1582–1663 | first=Thomas | last=Mason | isbn=978-0-87413-251-9 | year=1985 }} 3. ^{{Cite ODNB|id=15179|title=Juxon, William}} 4. ^Lambeth Palace Library Research Guide – Places of Confirmation of Election of Archbishops of Canterbury (Accessed 31 July 2013) 5. ^{{Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae |last=Horn |first=Joyce M. |period=1541–1857 |volume=3 |pages=8–12}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.jerichocentre.org.uk/about_jericho/about_streets_item/juxon-street|title=Juxon Street|publisher=jerichocentre.org.uk|accessdate=12 November 2018}} References
External links
| years = 1636–1638}}{{s-aft | after = Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland | as = Lord High Admiral}}{{s-vac | commission | reason = William Laud First Lord of the Treasury}}{{s-ttl | title = Lord High Treasurer | years = 1636–1641}}{{s-vac | commission | reason = Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttleton of Mounslow First Lord of the Treasury}}{{s-rel|en}}{{s-bef | before = Francis Godwin}}{{s-ttl | title = Bishop of Hereford | years = 1633}}{{s-aft | after = Godfrey Goodman}}{{s-bef | before = William Laud}}{{s-ttl | title = Bishop of London | years = 1633–1649}}{{s-vac | next = Gilbert Sheldon}} |-{{s-vac | last = William Laud}}{{s-ttl | title = Archbishop of Canterbury | years = 1660–1663}}{{s-aft | after = Gilbert Sheldon}}{{s-aca}}{{s-bef | before = William Laud}}{{s-ttl | title = President of St John's College, Oxford | years = 1621–1633}}{{s-aft | after = Richard Baylie}}{{s-end}}{{Deans of Worcester}}{{clerks of the Closet}}{{Bishops of Hereford}}{{Bishops of London}}{{Archbishops of Canterbury}}{{First Lords of the Admiralty|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Juxon, William}} 17 : 1582 births|1663 deaths|People from Chichester|People educated at The Prebendal School|People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood|Alumni of St John's College, Oxford|Presidents of St John's College, Oxford|Vice-Chancellors of the University of Oxford|English chaplains|Chaplains-in-Ordinary|Deans of Worcester|Bishops of Hereford|Bishops of London|Archbishops of Canterbury|17th-century Anglican archbishops|Lord High Treasurers|Clerks of the Closet |
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