| 词条 | Carmen Broto |
| 释义 |
| name = | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = María del Carmen Brotons Buil | birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|04|09}} | birth_place = Guaso, Aragon, Spain | death_date = {{Death date and age|1949|01|11|1922|04|09}} | death_place = Barcelona, Spain | death_cause = Murder | nationality = Spanish | other_names = Cascabelitos | occupation = Prostitute | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = }}María del Carmen Brotons Buil,[1] more commonly known as Carmen Broto (9 April 1922, Guaso{{sfn|Trallero|Guixá|2006|p=55}} - 11 January 1949, Barcelona) was a Spanish prostitute whose murder shocked Barcelona society in the late 1940s and led to rumours implicating members of the establishment in her murder,{{sfn|Llamas|1955|pp=124-139}}{{sfn|Çandar|2004|p=68}} and concequently the police investigation being cut short.{{sfn|Llamas|1955|pp=124-139}}{{sfn|Moliner|2015}} She was nicknamed Cascabelitos.[1] ProstitutionCarmen Broto was born in Casa Pardina de Guaso in 1922, later moving to Boltaña to live with her uncles.{{sfn|Trallero|Guixá|2006|p=121}} As a young woman, she moved to Barcelona, and like many other girls from poor backgrounds, worked as a servant,[1] until she realised that she could never leave her past full of hardships behind like this. Broto turned to prostitution, frequenting salons and dances where she came into contact with characters such as Ramón Pané, who set her up in one of his flats and gave her a monthly allowance for a year and a half;[1] Julio Muñoz Ramonet, black marketeer[5] and owner of the El Águila stores, who was known in the underworld as El Rey del Estraperlo[6] and Juan Martínez Penas, the Galician businessman who owned the Tivoli theatre and lived in the Ritz hotel, who used her to hide his homosexuality.{{sfn|Trallero|Guixá|2006|p=194}} Little by little she became linked with many men from Barcelona's high society, some of whom became her protectors.[5] At the end of her life she was very well connected, having made a small fortune and owned beautiful collection of jewellery. Carmen was a confident woman, and did not shy away from showing off her jewellery when she went out to have fun with the men who were the base of her business or with her friends.[1] Among the latter was Jesús Navarro Manau, a handsome young man for whom she was fond of and who would be one of her assassins.[1] MurderJesús Navarro Manau, of ambiguous sexuality{{sfn|Trallero|Guixá|2006|p=153}} and who sought the "good life", was the son of Jesús Navarro Gurrea, a professional criminal known for his safe-cracking abilities. The latter devised a macabre plan whose objective was not only to steal Carmen Broto's jewels, but to use her to lead them to Martínez Penas' safe which they would rob as well. They would then kill the young woman so the police would think she had committed the robbery and then disappeared. The plan included getting her drunk, beating her to death and then burying her in an orchard by Gurrea's house in calle Legalidad.[1][2] Thus, on the afternoon of 10 January 1949, Manau called Carmen and told her he was about to marry h1s girlfriend Pepita and move to Mallorca. He wanted to spend one last night partying with her.[2] Carmen happily accepted and the young man went to collect her in a rented Ford sedan, along with his friend and accomplice Jaime Viñas. They visit several bars in the streets of calles Rosellón and calles Casanova. Although Carmen drinks a lot, she has great resistance to alcohol, so they continue drinking. When she shows signs of being sufficiently drunk, they take her to the car and set off.[2] Carmen will not agree to take them to Penas' safe, and as the car passes in front of the Viñas Clinical Hospital, on carrer Avinyó,[3] Viñas panics and hits her hard on the head with a heavy wooden mallet but the woman turns and fights with her aggressor. Manau stops the car to help Viñas, and Carmen takes the opportunity to escape. She barely takes a few steps before falling unconscious and is put back into the vehicle by her assailants. They go to the garden in calle Legalidad, where they have agreed to meet Manau's father and once there, they check that Carmen is dead and take her jewellery. They then bury her body.[2] The assassins have left too many traces and easy clues for the police: they had left the car, full of bloodstains, a few meters from the orchard and once the investigators found the body there, it was easy to make the connection. Navarro Manau is quickly arrested and soon confessed. His father and Jaime Viñas commit suicide, taking cyanide, before being apprehended.[2] Navarro Manau was sentenced to death. However, the sentence is commuted to 30 years in prison following pressure from influential people. After spending more than a decade in the Ocaña Prison, he was released for good behaviour. In 1960 he received a pardon.[2] Other versionsThe newspaper La Vanguardia published some articles questioning the Police's findings.[4] This led to speculation on the motives behind Broto's murder.{{sfn|Moliner|2015}} Rumours circulated that merchants, industrialists, a high ranking Francoist officer and even ecclesiastical dignitary were behind the murder.[1] Others linked the murder to politics, homosexual jealousy and drug trafficking.[5] The police investigation had looked no further than a robbery on the orders of the Public Prosecutor.{{sfn|Moliner|2015}} To try to stop these rumours, Interior minister Blas Pérez issued a reporting ban to the press.[1] Another of the picturesque versions of the drama was given by Jesús Navarro Manau himself, who went so far as to affirm that Broto was "eliminated" because she was a confidant of the police and an informer on the enemies of the regime, for which she was considered responsible of the execution of several people.[6] In popular cultureThe murder of Carmen Broto was the subject of multiple reports, novels and films.[7] The director and producer Pedro Costa dedicated a chapter of the prestigious television series La Huella del Crimen (The Trace of the Crime), starring Silvia Tortosa and Sergi Mateu, to the murder. The event was also fictionalised by Alberto Speratti in his work El crimen de la calle Legalidad (Barcelona, Martínez Roca, 1983). Juan Marsé was inspired by this crime for the plot of his novel Si te dicen que caí (If they tell you that I fell),{{sfn|Montalbán|1992|p=147}} which was adapted for the cinema by director Vicente Aranda.{{sfn|Cánovas Belchi|2000|p=63}} References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite web |last1=Rada |first1=Juan |title=¿Quién mató a Cascabelitos, la prostituta de lujo de la alta burguesía catalana? |url=https://www.elespanol.com/reportajes/grandes-historias/20160825/150485359_0.html |website=El Español |accessdate=2 March 2019 |language=es-ES |date=28 August 2016}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web |last1=Balada |first1=Mercè |last2=Ramoneda |first2=Mònica |title=El crimen de la calle Legalidad |url=http://www.lavanguardia.es/lv24h/20090110/53614786381.html |website=La Vanguardia |accessdate=3 March 2019 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20090121124436/http://www.lavanguardia.es/lv24h/20090110/53614786381.html |archivedate=21 January 2009 |language=es |date=12 January 2009}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Barcelona Noir: Meet the spots that hide the darkest stories - GowithOh |url=http://www.gowithoh.com/experience/barcelona-noir-meet-the-spots-that-hide-the-darkest-stories/ |website=GowithOh Experience |accessdate=3 March 2019 |date=18 January 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Edición del miércoles, 12 enero 1949, página 6 |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1949/01/12/pagina-6/32827902/pdf.html |website=hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com |publisher=La Vanguardia |accessdate=2 March 2019 |date=1949}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Amiguet |first1=Teresa |title=¿Quién asesinó a Carmen Broto, la 'favorita' de la alta burguesía catalana? |url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/hemeroteca/20190111/454062463863/carmen-broto-crimenes-barcelona.html |website=La Vanguardia |accessdate=2 March 2019 |language=es |date=10 January 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=El asesinato de Carmen Broto |url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070808160028/http://findesemana..com/articulo.php/1276230088 |publisher=Fin de semana |accessdate=3 March 2019 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070808160028/http://findesemana.libertaddigital.com/articulo.php/1276230088 |archivedate=8 August 2007 |date=6 May 2005}} 7. ^{{cite web |last1=Corominas |first1=Jordi |title=La mort de Carmen Broto |url=http://catalunyaplural.cat/ca/la-mort-de-carmen-broto/ |website=Catalunya Plural |accessdate=3 March 2019 |language=ca |date=30 January 2019}} Bibliography
External Links
5 : People from the Province of Huesca|1922 births|1949 deaths|Murder victims|Spanish prostitutes |
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