| 词条 | William Kissam Vanderbilt |
| 释义 |
| image = W.K. Vanderbilt LCCN2014685935 (2) (cropped).jpg | name = William Kissam Vanderbilt | birth_date = {{birth date|1849|12|12|mf=y}} | birth_place = New Dorp, Staten Island, New York,[1] U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1920|7|22|1849|12|12|mf=y}} | death_place = Paris, France | occupation = Horse breeder | parents = William Henry Vanderbilt Maria Louisa Kissam | spouse = {{marriage|Alva Erskine Smith |1875|1895|reason=div}} {{marriage|Anne Harriman Sands Rutherfurd |1903|1920|reason=his death}} | children = Consuelo Vanderbilt William Kissam Vanderbilt II Harold Stirling Vanderbilt | relatives = Herbert M. Harriman (brother-in-law) | signature = Appletons' Vanderbilt Cornelius (capitalist) - William Kissam signature.png }}William Kissam Vanderbilt I (December 12, 1849 – July 22, 1920[1]) was an American heir, businessman, philanthropist and horsebreeder. Born into the Vanderbilt family, he managed his family's railroad investments.[3] Early lifeWilliam Kissam Vanderbilt I was born on December 12, 1849, in New Dorp, Staten Island in New York. His parents were Maria Louisa Kissam (1821–1896) and William Henry Vanderbilt (1821–1885), the eldest son of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, an heir to his fortune and a prominent member of the Vanderbilt family who was the richest American after he took over his father's fortune in 1877 until his own death in 1885.[2] He was the third of eight children born to his parents. His siblings were Cornelius Vanderbilt II (1843–1899), Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt (1845–1924), Emily Thorn Vanderbilt (1852–1946), Florence Adele Vanderbilt (1854–1952), Frederick William Vanderbilt (1856–1938), Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt (1860–1936) and George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862–1914).[3] CareerVanderbilt inherited $55 million (equal to about ${{Inflation|US|0.055|1885|r=1}} billion today). from his father. He managed his family railroad investments. In 1879, after taking over P. T. Barnum's Great Roman Hippodrome which was on railroad property by Madison Square Park, he renamed the facility Madison Square Garden.[3] Thoroughbred horse racingVanderbilt was one of the founders of The Jockey Club. He was a shareholder and president of the Sheepshead Bay Race Track in Brooklyn, New York and the owner of a successful racing stable. In 1896, he built the American Horse Exchange at 50th Street (Manhattan) and Broadway. In 1911 he leased it (and eventually sold it to) the Shubert Organization who then transformed it into the Winter Garden Theatre.[4] After his divorce from Alva, he moved to France where he built a château and established the Haras du Quesnay horse racing stable and breeding farm near Deauville in France's famous horse region of Lower Normandy. Among the horses he owned was the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame filly Maskette, purchased from Castleton Farm in Lexington, Kentucky for broodmare services at his French breeding farm. Vanderbilt's horses won a number of important races in France including:
Personal lifeOn April 20, 1875, Vanderbilt married his first wife, Alva Erskine Smith (1853–1933), who was born in 1853 in Mobile, Alabama, to Murray Forbes Smith, a commission merchant, and Phoebe Ann Desha, daughter of US Representative Robert Desha.[5] Together, they had three children:[3]
Alva later coerced Consuelo into marrying Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough on November 6, 1895.[6] Alva divorced Vanderbilt in March 1895, at a time when divorce was rare among the elite, and received a large financial settlement reported to be in excess of $10 million (equal to about ${{Inflation|US|10|1895|r=-1}} million today). The grounds for divorce were allegations of Vanderbilt's adultery. Alva remarried to one of their old family friends, Oliver Hazard Perry Belmont, on January 11, 1896.[5] In 1903, Vanderbilt married Anne Harriman (1861–1940), daughter of banker Oliver Harriman.[7] She was a widow to sportsman Samuel Stevens Sands and to Lewis Morris Rutherfurd, Jr., a son of the astronomer Lewis Morris Rutherfurd. Her second husband died in Switzerland in 1901. She had two sons by her first marriage and two daughters by her second marriage. She had no children by Vanderbilt.[8] ResidencesLike other prominent Vanderbilts, he built magnificent houses. His residences included Idle Hour (1900) on Long Island and Marble House (1892), designed by Richard Morris Hunt, in Newport, Rhode Island. Hunt also designed Vanderbilt's 660 Fifth Avenue mansion (1883).[9] In 1907, Vanderbilt and his second wife built Château Vanderbilt, a Louis XIII style manor house along with three thoroughbred race tracks in Carrières-sous-Poissy, an hour outside Paris and on the route to Deauville, famous for its horse racing. Vanderbilt was a co-owner of the yacht Defender, which won the 1895 America's Cup and briefly owned the large steam yacht Consuelo. Vanderbilt was a founder and president of the New Theatre. He was also a member of the Jekyll Island Club aka The Millionaires Club. Vanderbilt made significant charitable contributions to Vanderbilt University, a private university in Nashville, Tennessee named for his grandfather.[15][10] Death and legacyVanderbilt died in Paris, France on July 22, 1920.[1] His remains were brought home and interred in the Vanderbilt family vault in the Moravian Cemetery in New Dorp, Staten Island, New York.[11] Vanderbilt's portrait, painted by F. W. Wright from an original painting by Richard Hall between 1911 and 1921, was donated to Vanderbilt University in 1921; it is hung in Kirkland Hall.[12] {{libship honor|name=William K. Vanderbilt|type=his}}Founding member of the Jekyll Island Club on Jekyll Island, Georgia.[13] References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://wotan.liu.edu/~orlando/fam_parents.html|title=William Kissam Vanderbilt|accessdate=October 15, 2009|publisher=Long Island University}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2. ^{{cite news |title=Wm. H. Vanderbilt Dead. He is Prostrated by Paralysis While Talking to Robert Jarrett, President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and Dies Without Speaking. His Vast Wealth Estimated at Two Hundred Millions. |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/277689512.html?dids=277689512:277689512&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=DEC+09%2C+1885&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=WM.+H.+VANDERBILT+DEAD&pqatl=google |quote=William H. Vanderbilt died at his residence in this city, of paralysis, at half-past two o'clock this afternoon. He arose this morning at his usual hour, and at breakfast served to the members of the family, most of whom were present, he appeared to be in his usual health and in a more than usually happy frame of mind. |work=Washington Post |date= December 9, 1885|accessdate=2008-08-01 }} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Suppes|first1=Munsey|title=Madison Square Garden I|url=http://hockey.ballparks.com/NHL/NewYorkRangers/1stoldindex.htm|website=hockey.ballparks.com|accessdate=18 July 2017}} 4. ^Winter Garden Theatre - shubertorganization.com - Retrieved April 3, 2008 5. ^1 Patterson, Jerry E. The Vanderbilts., pages 120-121. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1989. {{ISBN|0-8109-1748-3}} 6. ^{{cite news|title=W.K. VANDERBILT'S GIFTS.; House to Grandson, Marquis of Blandford.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/01/29/archives/wk-vanderbilts-gifts-house-to-grandson-marquis-of-blandford.html|accessdate=18 July 2017|work=The New York Times|date=29 January 1920}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=WILLIAM K. VANDERBILT ABOUT TO REMARRY; Justice Giegerich Modifies Divorce Decree to Permit. The Ceremony Arranged for Tomorrow in Paris -- Countess Fabbricotti and a Mrs. Ingraham Mentioned as Bride-to-Be.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1903/04/21/archives/william-k-vanderbilt-about-to-remarry-justice-giegerich-modifies.html|accessdate=18 July 2017|work=The New York Times|date=21 April 1903}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=W.K. VANDERBILT DIES IN FRANCE IN HIS 71ST YEAR; Was Eldest Male Survivor of Family That Built Fortune in New York Central. CHILDREN AT HIS BEDSIDE Duchess of Marlborough and Her Brothers Present with Financier's Widow. ESTATE NEAR $100,000,000 $300,000,000 Left by His Father in Eight Shares Believed to be Over Billion Total Now.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/07/23/archives/wk-vanderbilt-dies-in-france-in-his-71st-year-was-eldest-male.html|accessdate=18 July 2017|work=The New York Times|date=23 July 1920}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=BUSINESS MEN IN DEAL FOR VANDERBILT HOME; 660 Fifty Avenue to be Sold-- Home Of Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Also for Sale.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/11/10/archives/business-men-in-deal-for-vanderbilt-home-660-fifty-avenue-to-be.html|accessdate=18 July 2017|work=The New York Times|date=10 November 1920}} 10. ^{{cite news|title=VANDERBILT RICHES GO TO SONS; MAY BE SUIT ON ESTATE TAX; State to Press Claim for $500,000 on Recent Gift of $15,000,000 to Daughter. ART BEQUESTS TO THE CITY Fine Old Masterpieces and Bronzes Left to the Metropolitan Museum.$50,000 TO ISLIP CHURCHResidue, After $13,520,000 in Legacies and Trusts, Willed to W.K., Jr., and Harold S.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/08/28/archives/vanderbilt-riches-go-to-sons-may-be-suit-on-estate-tax-state-to.html|accessdate=18 July 2017|work=The New York Times|date=28 August 1920}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=PLAN VANDERBILT FUNERAL.; Preparations Being Made for Burial in Staten Island Cemetery.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1920/08/22/archives/plan-vanderbilt-funeral-preparations-being-made-for-burial-in.html|accessdate=18 July 2017|work=The New York Times|date=22 August 1920}} 12. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.tnportraits.org/vanderbilt-wmk.htm |title=Vanderbilt Collection - Kirkland Hall: William Kissam Vanderbilt 1849 - 1920 |website=Tennessee Portrait Project |access-date=November 17, 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Jekyll Island Club and Island History|url=http://www.jekyllclub.com/about-us/club-history/|website=Jekyll Island Club Resort|accessdate=18 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127191139/http://www.jekyllclub.com/about-us/club-history/|archive-date=2017-01-27|dead-url=yes|df=}} Further reading
External links
10 : 1849 births|1920 deaths|American railroad executives|American railway entrepreneurs|American racehorse owners and breeders|French racehorse owners and breeders|Vanderbilt family|American people of Dutch descent|Businesspeople from Newport, Rhode Island|Vanderbilt University people |
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