| 词条 | William Lassell |
| 释义 |
|name = William Lassell |image = William Lassell.jpg |image_size = 180px |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1799|6|18|df=y}} |birth_place = Bolton, England |death_date = {{death date and age|1880|10|5|1799|6|18|df=y}} |death_place = Maidenhead, England |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = |ethnicity = |field = Astronomer |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Discovered the moons Triton, Hyperion, Ariel and Umbriel |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |prizes = Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society {{small|(1849)}} Royal Medal {{small|(1858)}} |religion = |footnotes = }} William Lassell, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|FRSE|FRSL|FRAS}} (18 June 1799 – 5 October 1880) was an English merchant and astronomer.[1][2][3][4][5][6] He is remembered for his improvements to the reflecting telescope and his ensuing discoveries of four planetary satellites. LifeWilliam Lassell was born in Bolton, Lancashire. He was educated first in Bolton then at Rochdale Academy.[7] After the death of his father, he was apprenticed from 1814 to 1821 to a merchant in Liverpool. He then made his fortune as a beer brewer, which enabled him to indulge his interest in astronomy. He built an observatory at his house "Starfield" in West Derby, a suburb of Liverpool. There he had a {{convert|24|in|mm|sing=on}} reflector telescope, for which he pioneered the use of an equatorial mount for easy tracking of objects as the Earth rotates. He ground and polished the mirror himself, using equipment he constructed. The observatory was later (1854) moved further out of Liverpool, to Bradstone. In 1846 Lassell discovered Triton, the largest moon of Neptune, just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself by German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle.[8][9] In 1848 he independently co-discovered Hyperion, a moon of Saturn. In 1851 he discovered Ariel and Umbriel, two moons of Uranus. In 1855, he built a {{convert|48|in|mm|sing=on}} telescope, which he installed in Malta because of the observing conditions that were better than in often-overcast England. On his return to the UK after several years in Malta he moved to Maidenhead and operated his {{convert|24|in|mm|sing=on}} telescope in an observatory there. The 48-inch telescope was dismantled and was eventually scrapped.[10] Lassell was a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (FRAS) from 1839, won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1849, and served as its president for two years starting in 1870.[11] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1849 and won their Royal Medal in 1858.[12] Lassel was also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature (FRSL).[13] He was furthermore elected an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (HonFRSE) and of the Society of Sciences of Upsala, and received an honorary LL.D. degree from the University of Cambridge in 1874.[14] Lassell died in Maidenhead in 1880 and is buried at St. Luke's Church[15]. Upon his death, he left a fortune of £80,000 (roughly {{Inflation|UK|80000|1880|r=-5|fmt=eq|cursign=£}}). His telescope was presented to the Royal Observatory in Greenwich. The crater Lassell on the Moon, a crater on Mars, the asteroid 2636 Lassell and a ring of Neptune are named in his honour. At the University of Liverpool the William Lassell prize is awarded to the student with the highest grades graduating the B.Sc. program in Physics with Astronomy each year.[16][17] References1. ^{{ DNB Cite|wstitle=Lassell, William}} 2. ^AN 98(1881) 108 {{de icon}} 3. ^{{cite journal | title = William Lassell | journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume = 41 | number = 4 | pages = 188–191 | date = 1881 | bibcode = 1881MNRAS..41..188. | url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1881MNRAS..41..188. | accessdate = 8 November 2015|doi = 10.1093/mnras/41.4.188 }} 4. ^{{cite journal | last = Huggins | first = Margaret Lindsay | authorlink = Margaret Lindsay Huggins | title = The late Mr. William Lassell, LL.D., F.R.S. | journal = The Observatory | volume = 3 | number = 43 | pages = 587–590 | date = 1880 | bibcode = 1880Obs.....3..586H }} 5. ^{{cite journal | title = The Late Mr. Lassell | journal = Astronomical Register | volume = 18 | number = 215 | pages = 284–285 | date = 1880 | bibcode = 1880AReg...18..284. | url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1880AReg...18..284. | accessdate = 8 November 2015}} 6. ^{{cite book | last = McFarland | first = John | author-link = | contribution = Lassell, William | year = 2014 | title = Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers | pages = 1281–1283 | editor-last = Hockey | editor-first = Thomas | editor2-last = Trimble | editor2-first = Virginia | editor3-last = Williams | editor3-first = Thomas R. | publisher = Springer Publishing | place = New York | isbn = 978-1-4419-9917-7 | doi = 10.1007/978-1-4419-9917-7_828| title-link = Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers }} 7. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 8. ^{{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Robert W. | authorlink = Robert W. Smith (historian) | title = William Lassell and the Discovery of Neptune | journal = Journal for the History of Astronomy | volume = 14 | issue = | pages = 30–32 | date = 1983 | bibcode = 1983JHA....14...30S | url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1983JHA....14...30S | accessdate = 14 November 2015}} 9. ^{{cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = Robert W. | author1-link = Robert W. Smith (historian) | last2 = Baum | first2 = Richard | author2-link = | title = William Lassell and the Ring of Neptune: a Case Study in Instrumental Failure | journal = Journal for the History of Astronomy | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–17 | date = 1984 | bibcode = 1984JHA....15....1S | url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1984JHA....15....1S | accessdate = 14 November 2015}} 10. ^{{cite journal | last = Lassell | first = William | title = Mr. Lassell's Great Reflector | journal = The Observatory | volume = 1 | number = 6 | pages = 178–179 | date = 1877 | bibcode = 1877Obs.....1..178L | url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1877Obs.....1..178L | accessdate = 17 November 2015}} 11. ^{{cite journal | last = Herschel | first = John | authorlink = John Herschel | title = An Address Delivered at the Annual General Meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society, February 9, 1849, on Presenting the Honorary Medal to William Lassell, Esq. of Liverpool | journal = Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume = 18 | issue = | pages = 192–200 | date = 1850 | language = | bibcode = 1850MmRAS..18..192H | url = http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1850MmRAS..18..192H | accessdate = 14 November 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web| url= http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27lassell%27%29| title= Library and Archive Catalogue| publisher= Royal Society| accessdate= 30 December 2010}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 13. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=teVJAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA180&dq=William+Lassell+F.R.S.L+On+a+Method+of+Supporting+a+large+Speculum,+free+from+sensible+Flexure,+in+all+Positions&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-qMbJsonOAhXIA8AKHZV_DEMQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=William%20Lassell%20F.R.S.L%20On%20a%20Method%20of%20Supporting%20a%20large%20Speculum%2C%20free%20from%20sensible%20Flexure%2C%20in%20all%20Positions&f=false On a Method of Supporting a large Speculum, free from sensible Flexure, in all Positions] - website Google Books 14. ^[https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002] – website of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 15. ^ HistoryTrail.pdf (St. Luke's Chuch) 16. ^{{cite web | url= https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/physics/news/stories/title,976492,en.html#.Wfh-O4ZrygA| title= Physics Pre-Graduation Event 2017| publisher= Department of Physics, University of Liverpool|accessdate= 31 October 2017}} 17. ^{{cite web | url= https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/physics/news/stories/title,514579,en.html#.Wfh_LoZrygA| title= Congratulations to all of our 2014 Physics graduates| publisher= Department of Physics, University of Liverpool|accessdate= 31 October 2017}} External links{{Commons category}}
13 : 1799 births|1880 deaths|People from Bolton|English astronomers|Neptune|Uranus|Saturn|Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society|Fellows of the Royal Society|Royal Medal winners|Discoverers of moons|Presidents of the Royal Astronomical Society|Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature |
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