“Cartazzi axle”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A Cartazzi axle is a design of leading or trailing wheel support^[1]^[2]^[3] used worldwide.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] The design was used extensively on the former LNER's Pacific steam locomotives and named after its inventor F.I. Cartazzi,^[9] formerly of the Great Northern Railway. It should not be confused with a pony truck as it does not pivot at all.^[8] The axle does, however, have sideways play built in to accommodate tight curves. Cartazzi's design causes the weight of the locomotive to exert a self-centring action on the trailing wheels.^[10]

The Cartazzi design was also sometimes applied to driving wheel axles on longer wheelbase locomotives.^[11]

Modelling

On small scale models the trailing wheels of Cartazzi-axled locomotives are often flangeless to allow negotiation of tighter, non-prototypical curves, or the Cartazzi axle has been replaced with a pony truck for the same reason.

References

1. ^{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDRDAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA4&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiAj8Gls7fPAhUFOiYKHTAhDxQQ6AEILDAD#v=onepage&q=cartazzi%20axle&f=false| via=Google Books| page=6| journal=The Railway Engineer| date=January 1906| title=Three-Cylinder Balanced Compound "Atlantic" Engines; Great Central Railway| volume=XXVII| issue=312}}
2. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQsZAAAAIAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjNgpuruLfPAhVJWSYKHY2PAIU4HhDoAQhEMAk| via=Google Books| title=Some Classic Locomotives| page=156| first=Cuthbert Hamilton| last=Ellis| publisher=Allen & Unwin| year=1949| quote=The leading and trailing carrying axles had sideplay through Cartazzi sliding axleboxes}}
3. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R3oEAAAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB4-qxurfPAhXMQyYKHWFBCwk4KBDoAQhDMAk| title=Steam Railways of Britain in Colour| first=Oswald Stevens| last=Nock| page=144| quote=The leading pair of wheels had the Cartazzi form of axle box...| publisher=Blandford P.| year=1967}}
4. ^{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-bNAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA39&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiAj8Gls7fPAhUFOiYKHTAhDxQQ6AEITDAJ#v=onepage&q=cartazzi%20axle&f=false| via=Google Books| page=39| date=February 15, 1909| journal=The Locomotive Magazine & Railway Carriage & Wagon Review| volume=XV| issue=198| title=Six-Coupled Tank Locomotive, Imperial Rys. of Japan}}
5. ^{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clo5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA188&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiF7KGKtrfPAhWF8CYKHdEODiI4FBDoAQgpMAM#v=onepage&q=cartazzi%20axle&f=false| via=Google Books| title=Garratt Type Locomotive for the Sao Paulo Ry., Brazil| first=F.C.| last=Coleman| pages=187-188| date=February 9, 1918| journal=Railway Review| volume=62| issue=6}}
6. ^{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dwk0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA143&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiF7KGKtrfPAhWF8CYKHdEODiI4FBDoAQg_MAg#v=onepage&q=cartazzi%20axle&f=false| via=Google Books| title=Four-Wheel Coupled Locomotive for the Dutch States Railways| date=February 1, 1901| journal=Engineering| page=143}}
7. ^{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VotFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA180&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjNgpuruLfPAhVJWSYKHY2PAIU4HhDoAQglMAI#v=onepage&q=cartazzi%20axle&f=false| via=Google Books| title=Powerful Articulated Narrow Gage Locomotives for Tasmania| page=180| journal=Scientific American Supplement| date=September 20, 1915| volume=LXXVI| issue=1968| location=New York}}
8. ^¹{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9pgkAAAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjB4-qxurfPAhXMQyYKHWFBCwk4KBDoAQgbMAA| via=Google Books| journal=Trains| title=Roundhouse Nightmare| page=18| volume=17| publisher=Kalmbach Publishing Company| year=1956}}
9. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wjDxYlArQAC&pg=PA84&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdtISNtLfPAhWB7iYKHb-oDXw4ChDoAQg8MAc#v=onepage&q=cartazzi%20axle&f=false| via=Google Books| page=84| title=The Tentacles of Progress: Technology Transfer in the Age of Imperialism, 1850-1940| first=Daniel R.| last=Headrick| publisher=Oxford University Press| year=1988| isbn=0-19-505115-7}}
10. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GVgiRfFBiTgC&pg=PA276&lpg=PA276&dq=cartazzi+axle&source=bl&ots=1RbN18YwMW&sig=UUIA_Xe2Y5Wee_WNiGqMkoGEO24&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVhd2YwLfPAhWGVz4KHQzvACQ4FBDoAQgbMAA#v=onepage&q=cartazzi%20axle&f=false| via=Google Books| page=250| title=Illustrated Encyclopedia of World Railway Locomotives| editor-first=P.| editor-last=Ransome-Wallis| publisher=Dover Publications| location=Mineola, New York| year=2001| orig-year=1959| isbn=0-486-41247-4}}
11. ^{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pE4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA212&dq=cartazzi+axle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFovv3u7fPAhWIQiYKHXXRA1s4MhDoAQg6MAc#v=onepage&q=cartazzi%20axle&f=false| via=Google Books| quote=... the coupled wheelbase, which is 16ft. 6in., is not rigid, the leading axle boxes having 1¼in. side play. This is compensated for in the leading length of the coupling rods and controlled by sliding caps on the axle boxes on the Cartazzi principle.| page=212| journal=The Mechanical World| date=October 30, 1908| title=Modern British Practice in Tank Locomotives - II| volume=XLIV| issue=1139| location=Machester, England}}