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词条 Carthaginian II
释义

  1. History

  2. References

  3. External links

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infobox caption= display title= Carthaginian II
}}{{Infobox ship image		Ship image=Carthaginian II - Flickr - exfordy.jpgShip image size=Ship caption=The restored Carthaginian II served as a museum (photographed in Lahaina Harbor, 1997).
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship name=Mary, Familiens Haab, KometShip owner=Ship operator=Ship registry=Ship route=Ship ordered=Ship builder=Fr. Krupp Germania Shipyard, KielShip original cost=Ship yard number=388Ship way number=Ship laid down=Ship launched=Ship completed=1920Ship christened=Ship acquired=Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=1970Ship identification=Ship fate=sold to Lahaina Restoration Foundation, 1972Ship status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship name=Carthaginian IIShip owner=Lahaina Restoration FoundationShip operator=Ship registry=Ship route=Ship ordered=Ship builder=Ship original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=Ship launched=Ship completed=Ship christened=Ship acquired=1972Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service=5192080}}Ship fate=sunk, December 13, 2005Ship status=Ship notes=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Ship type=two-mast topsail schooner, auxiliary motor power140|ST}} (gross)Ship displacement=30|m}}6.7|m}}Ship height=Ship draught=2.1|m}}Ship depth=Ship decks=Ship deck clearance=Ship ramps=Ship ice class=Ship sail plan=Ship power=Ship propulsion=Ship speed=Ship capacity=Ship crew=Ship notes=
}}

Carthaginian II was a steel-hulled sailing boat, which served as a symbol of the whaling industry in the harbor of the former whaling town Lāhainā on the Hawaiian island of Maui. Built in 1920 and brought to Maui in 1973, it served as a whaling museum until 2005, and after being sunk to create an artificial reef, now serves as a diving destination.

History

The boat was built in 1920 in Kiel, Germany at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft shipyard as Mary. Because of the terms imposed in the wake of the Armistice, Germany was required to hand over all new ships built as large steam or motor vessels, and Mary was one of a group of forty sailing ships completed at Kiel intended to operate primarily under sail, with auxiliary motor power. The boat was completed as a two-masted schooner and was just under {{convert|30|m}} long, with a nominal displacement of {{convert|125|ST}} (gross).[1]

Shortly after completion, Mary was sold to Denmark and renamed Familiens Haab in 1922, and then was sold to Sweden and renamed Komet in 1923. Komet worked the Baltic Sea as a freighter for cement. In 1970 the boat was decommissioned.[1] Because the hull was built using steel at the Krupp yard which had been intended for U-boats, Komet (and her sisters) developed a reputation for longevity.[2]

The original Carthaginian (ex-Wandia) was a trading schooner originally from the Baltic Sea, purchased by R. Tucker Thompson in Acapulco in 1964 and later fitted as a whaling ship in San Pedro for scenes in the 1966 film Hawaii.[3] The ship was renamed for the eponymous ship in the 1959 novel Hawaii by James A. Michener, on which the 1966 film was based. After filming, Carthaginian was purchased by the non-profit "Lahaina Restoration Foundation" (LRF). Following a brief return voyage to California, it returned to Lahaina in 1967 as a whaling ship museum and tourist attraction.[3][4] However, Carthaginian was destroyed after it ran aground on the Lahaina Reef on Easter Sunday 1973 while sailing to dry dock at Oahu, and Komet was acquired to replace it.[7][5]

Komet was purchased in 1973 by LRF for approximately $21,000 and moved from Søby, Denmark to Hawaii by an all-Lahaina crew under diesel power,[5] a voyage that lasted 105 days,[1] arriving on September 7, 1973 after passing through Madeira and the Panama Canal.[2] After installing {{convert|15|ST}} of cement and steel ballast to balance the rigging, which was being assembled onshore, it was renamed Carthaginian II and restored over several years. Masts made of spruce, a deck of eucalyptus, and other details for a whaling supply ship of the 19th century were installed. In 1980, the ship was opened as a floating whaling museum.[6]

However, the addition of ballast allowed moisture to seep into the inside of the steel hull, which rusted to a point where it nearly split in half. LRF was spending $50,000 per year to maintain the ship. In 2003, LRF approached Atlantis Submarines, proposing to sell it to be sunk as a tourist attraction. Atlantis cleaned Carthaginian II in preparation for its sinking, spending approximately $350,000 on preparations including an environmental study. On December 13, 2005, the boat was towed and sunk to create an artificial reef in water at a depth of approximately {{convert|97|ft}}, {{convert|1/2|mi}} off the coast near Puamana Beach Park. LRF was given 120 days to replace the vessel before the berth would be reclaimed for commercial operations.[7][8] The berth was proposed as a potential home for the voyaging canoes Mo'okiha o Pi'ilani[9] or Mo'olele,[10] but Mo'okiha was berthed at Maalea Harbor instead in 2016.[11]

Today, it serves as a destination for diving expeditions and submarine tours.[12][13] Scuba Diving and Sport Diver have rated the site as one of the top locations for shipwreck diving.[14][15]

References

1. ^1 {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QgMRudqoLGQC&pg=PA347&lpg=PA347#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Chapman Great Sailing Ships of the World |author=Schäuffelen, Otmar |trans-title=Die Letzen Grossen Segelshiffe |translator=Servais, Casey |date=2005 |pages=347–348 |publisher=Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. |location=New York, New York |isbn=1-58816-384-9 |accessdate=20 October 2017}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite book |url=http://mfs.dk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/1981Danskemotorsejlere102-109.pdf |title=Danske Motorsejlere af Tyske Krigsskibsmaterialer |trans-title=Danish Motor Sailers of German War Ship Materials |author=Frederichsen, Frederik |date=1981 |publisher= |pages=102–109 |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://tucker.co.nz/tuckers-story/ |title=Tucker's Story |author=Thompson, Anita |date=4 April 2016 |website=tucker.co.nz |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
4. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/10/archives/of-banyans-missionaries-and-resorts.html |title=Of Banyans, Missionaries And Resorts |author=Turner, Wallace |date=10 May 1970 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=20 October 2017}}
5. ^1 {{cite report |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/2a63dfe5-a9fb-4784-a6c9-bb27330f7d8a |title=Lahaina (Historic District) |author=Apple, Russell A. |date=21 December 1973 |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=20 October 2017}}
6. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/19/travel/around-maui-sunrise-to-sunset.html?pagewanted=all |author=Denenberg, R. V. |title=Around Maui, Sunrise to Sunset |newspaper=The New York Times |date=September 19, 1982 |accessdate=November 21, 2008}}
7. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2005/Dec/14/ln/FP512140339.html |title=Lahaina icon sinks into deep sleep |author=Wilson, Christie |date=14 December 2005 |newspaper=Honolulu Advertiser |accessdate=20 October 2017}}
8. ^{{cite news |author=San Nicolas, Claudine |url=http://www.mauinews.com/page/content.detail/id/15139.html |title=Carthaginian Sunk |newspaper=Maui News |date=14 December 2005 |accessdate=November 21, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223143713/http://www.mauinews.com/page/content.detail/id/15139.html |archivedate=23 December 2015 |deadurl=yes}}
9. ^{{cite news |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2007/01/12/news/story04.html |title=Crew members also helping build voyaging canoe on Maui |author=Kubota, Gary T. |date=12 January 2007 |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
10. ^{{cite news |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2006/05/01/news/story06.html |title=Canoes expand horizons of Maui public education |author=Kubota, Gary T. |date=1 May 2006 |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
11. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.lahainanews.com/page/content.detail/id/532615/Mo-okiha-o-Pi-ilani-has-a-new-home.html |title=Mo'okiha o Pi'ilani has a new home |author= |date=21 April 2016 |newspaper=Lahaina News |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
12. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/28/travel/escapes/28maui.html |title=Kids? Maui Makes It Easy |author=Sens, Josh |date=28 July 2006 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=20 October 2017}}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.lahainanews.com/page/content.detail/id/501612/Five-years-later--Carthaginian-II-a-thriving-artificial-reef.html |title=Five years later, Carthaginian II a thriving artificial reef |author= |date=30 December 2010 |newspaper=Lahaina News |accessdate=20 October 2017}}
14. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://www.scubadiving.com/photos/pride-deep-25-best-wrecks-us-waters |title=25 Best Wreck Diving Spots in the U.S. |author=Morton, Brooke |date=16 May 2014 |magazine=Scuba Diving |accessdate=20 October 2017}}
15. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://www.sportdiver.com/photos/worlds-50-best-wrecks |title=The World's 50 Best Wrecks |author= |date=14 January 2015 |magazine=Sport Diver |accessdate=20 October 2017}}
{{commons category|Carthaginian II (ship, 1920)}}

External links

  • {{NHLS url|id=66000302|title=National Historic Monument designation with information about the history of the port Lahaina and data about the ship}} (PDF; 1.2 MB)
  • Dives to Carthaginian II with a history of the boat
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110906170504/http://www.atlantisadventures.com/pdf/brochures/brochure_maui_submarine.pdf Flyer of the dive boat company Atlantis Submarine Tour Maui] with a location sketch to the wreck.
  • {{cite web |url=http://www.schiffshistorisches-archiv.de/schiffsdetails.html?&tx_wfqbe_pi1%5bid%5d=1919 |title=Details zum Schiff: Carthaginian II |author= |date= |publisher=Schiffshistorisches Archiv Flensburg |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
  • {{cite news |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2002/10/20/news/story11.html |author=Kubota, Gary |date=20 October 2002 |title=Group debates floating museum's fate |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
  • {{cite news |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2003/07/27/news/index6.html |author=Kubota, Gary |date=27 July 2003 |title=Maintenance costs lead museum to scrap ship |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
  • {{cite news |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2005/06/13/news/story4.html |author=Leone, Diana |date=13 June 2005 |title=Scuttle me timbers |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
  • {{cite news |url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2005/12/14/news/story04.html |author=Kubota, Gary |date=14 December 2005 |title=Sunk! |newspaper=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |accessdate=21 October 2017}}
{{coord|20|51|45.8|N|156|40|30.7|W|type:landmark_region:US-HI|display=title}}{{2005 shipwrecks}}

10 : Maui|Whaling museums|Museum ships in Hawaii|1920 ships|Ships built in Kiel|Sailing ships of Germany|Ships sunk as artificial reefs|Ships sunk as dive sites|Shipwrecks of Hawaii|Lahaina, Hawaii
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