| 词条 | Cartoonists Co-Op Press |
| 释义 |
| name = Cartoonists Co-Op Press | image = CartoonistsCoOpPress-logo.jpg | caption = The Cartoonists Co-Op Press logo (probably created by Willy Murphy), showing the company's mascot, I. M. Bigg | founded = 1973 | status = Defunct (1974) | founders = Kim Deitch Bill Griffith Jerry Lane Jay Lynch Willy Murphy Diane Noomin Art Spiegelman | keypeople = | imprints = | headquarters = San Francisco | publications = Comics | genre = Underground comix | topics = Social commentary | url = }}Cartoonists Co-Op Press was an underground comix publishing cooperative based in San Francisco that operated from 1973 to 1974. It was a self-publishing venture by cartoonists Kim Deitch, Bill Griffith, Jerry Lane, Jay Lynch, Willy Murphy, Diane Noomin, and Art Spiegelman. Cartoonist Justin Green's brother Keith acted as salesman/distributor, and the operation was run out of Griffith's apartment.[1] HistoryThe company released only nine comics in their two years of existence, but published work by a number of notable comix creators in the process. In addition to the founding members, cartoonists published by Cartoonists Co-Op Press included S. Clay Wilson, Robert Crumb, Aline Kominsky-Crumb, Trina Robbins, Leslie Cabarga, Justin Green, Ted Richards, Gary Hallgren, Lee Marrs, Jim Osborne, and Spain Rodriguez. The Co-Op was founded as an alternative to the existing underground presses, which were perceived as not being honest with their accounting practices.[2] According to Apex Novelties co-publisher Susan Goodrick, the cooperative was "not a publishing company but a framework to help artists publish their own work. . . . The aim of the Co-op [was] the survival of underground comix through independence of the cartoonists from distributors and publishers."[3] The Co-Op also billed itself as part of the United Cartoon Workers of America (U.C.W. of A.), an informal union organized in 1970[3] by Crumb, Green, Griffith, Spiegelman, Spain, Roger Brand, Nancy Griffith, and Michele Brand.[4] (The U.C.W. of A. brand appeared on a number of other comix of that era.) The collective's first release was Jerry Lane's Middle Class Fantasies, published in May 1973; later titles that year were Kim Deitch's Corn Fed Comics #2 (continued from Honeywell & Todd) and Bill Griffith's Tales of Toad #3 (continued from the Print Mint). In 1974, the press released Jay Lynch's Nard n' Pat #1 (March), the anthology Lean Years (May), S. Clay Wilson's Pork (May), Robert Crumb & Aline Kominsky-Crumb's Dirty Laundry Comics #1 (July), the anthology Sleazy Scandals of the Silver Screen (August), and the anthology Manhunt #2 (continued from the Print Mint; December). The press was launched on the verge of the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court ruling, in Miller v. California, that local communities could decide their own First Amendment standards with reference to obscenity. In the mid-1970s, sale of drug paraphernalia was outlawed in many places, which caused head shops, where comix were typically sold, to go out of business. After losing their largest distribution network, mail order became the only outlet for underground titles.[5] As a result, many publishers, including Cartoonists Co-Op Press, left the comix business. After the 1974 dissolution of Cartoonists Co-Op Press, a number of the publisher's titles were continued by Kitchen Sink Press. Titles published
References1. ^Griffith, Bill. Lost and Found: Comics 1969-2003 (Fantagraphics Books, 2012), p. 11. 2. ^Estren, Mark. A History of Underground Comics: 20th Anniversary Edition (Ronin Publishing, 2012), pp. 251-253. 3. ^1 Goodrick, Susan. "Introduction," The Apex Treasury of Underground Comics (Links Books/Quick Fox, 1974). 4. ^Young Lust #3 (Last Gasp, June 1972). 5. ^Estren, Mark James (1993). "Foreword: Onward!". A History of Underground Comics. Ronin Publishing. pp. 7–8; 10. {{ISBN|0-914171-64-X}}. See also
External links
10 : Comic book publishing companies of the United States|Underground comix|Self-publishing companies|Entertainment companies based in California|Companies based in San Francisco|Publishing companies established in 1973|1973 establishments in California|Defunct comics and manga publishing companies|Publishing companies disestablished in 1974|1974 disestablishments in California |
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