| 词条 | William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |name = The Viscount Dunrossil |honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=|GCMG|MC|PC|QC}} |image =Lord Dunrossil.jpg |order =14th |office = Governor-General of Australia |term_start = 2 February 1960 |term_end = 3 February 1961 |monarch = Elizabeth II |primeminister=Robert Menzies |predecessor = Sir William Slim |successor = Lord De L'Isle |office1 = Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom |term_start1 = 31 October 1951 |term_end1 = 19 September 1959 |predecessor1 = Douglas Clifton Brown |successor1 = Harry Hylton-Foster{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Ministerial positions|titlestyle=background-color:#eee}} |office2 = Postmaster General |term_start2 = 15 May 1940 |term_end2 = 1943 |monarch2 = George VI |primeminister2 = Winston Churchill |predecessor2 = George Tryon |successor2 = Harry Crookshank |office3 = Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster |term_start3 = 29 January 1939 |term_end3 = 3 April 1940 |monarch3 = George VI |primeminister3 = Neville Chamberlain |predecessor3 = The Earl Winterton |successor3 = George Tryon |office4 = Minister of Food |term_start4 = 4 September 1939 |term_end4 = 3 April 1940 |monarch4 = George VI |primeminister4 = Neville Chamberlain |predecessor4 = Office Established Charles McCurdy as Minister of Food Control, 1921 |successor4 = The Lord Woolton |office5 = Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food |term_start5 = 29 October 1936 |term_end5 = 29 January 1939 |monarch5 = Edward VIII George VI |primeminister5 = Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain |predecessor5 = Walter Elliot |successor5 = Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith{{Collapsed infobox section end}}{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Constituency|titlestyle=background-color:#eee}} |office6 = Member of Parliament for Cirencester and Tewkesbury |term_start6 = 30 May 1929 |term_end6 = 8 October 1959 |predecessor6 = Thomas Davies |successor6 = Nicholas Ridley{{Collapsed infobox section end}} |birth_date = {{birth date|1893|8|10|df=y}} |birth_place = Torinturk, Scotland |death_date = {{death date and age|1961|2|3|1893|8|10|df=y}} |death_place = Canberra, Australia |restingplace = St John the Baptist Church, Reid |nationality = British |party = Conservative |spouse = {{Marriage|Katharine Swan|1924}} |children = Four, including John |residence = |alma_mater = University of Edinburgh |occupation = |religion = }} William Shepherd Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil, {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCMG|MC|PC|QC}} (10 August 1893 – 3 February 1961) was a British politician who served as the 14th Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1960 until his death. He had previously been a longserving cabinet minister in the United Kingdom, as well as Speaker of the House of Commons from 1951 to 1959. Morrison was the son of a Scottish farmer, born in the small village of Torinturk, Argyll. He attended George Watson's College and then went on to the University of Edinburgh; his studies were interrupted by World War I, where he served with the Royal Field Artillery and won the Military Cross. Training as a lawyer, Morrison was called to the bar in 1923 and began working as a private secretary to Thomas Inskip, the Solicitor General. After several previous attempts, he was elected to the House of Commons in 1929, representing a constituency in Gloucestershire for the Conservative Party. In 1936, after several years as a junior minister, Morrison was made Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries by Stanley Baldwin. He also served as a minister under Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill, including as Minister of Food (1939–1940), Postmaster General (1940–1943), and Minister of Town and Country Planning (1943–1945). Morrison was elevated to the speakership following the 1951 general election. He was praised for his impartiality, especially during the heated debate on the Suez Crisis, and was raised to the viscountcy when his term ended. Lord Dunrossil became governor-general in 1960, on the nomination of Robert Menzies, but served only a year before dying in office. Early lifeMorrison was born in Torinturk, Scotland, the son of Marion (née McVicar) and John Morrison. His father was a farmer who had previously spent time working in South Africa's diamond industry. Morrison was educated at George Watson's College and the University of Edinburgh. He joined the British Army as an officer in the First World War and served with an artillery regiment in France, where he won the Military Cross.[1] In 1919 he left the Army with the rank of Captain. He married Katharine Swan in 1924, with whom he had four sons. Political careerMorrison was elected to the House of Commons as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Cirencester and Tewkesbury in 1929. In Parliament he acquired the nickname "Shakes", from his habit of quoting from the works of William Shakespeare. Government ministerMorrison had a long ministerial career under four Prime Ministers (Ramsay MacDonald, Stanley Baldwin, Neville Chamberlain and Winston Churchill). He was:
Morrison was referred to in the book "Guilty Men" by Michael Foot, Frank Owen and Peter Howard (writing under the pseudonym 'Cato'), published in 1940 as an attack on public figures for their failure to re-arm and their appeasement of Nazi Germany. [1] Campaigning during the general election of 1945, Morrison attacked Socialism and pointed out that Hitler and Mussolini began as Socialists. He further claimed that although Labour objected to the Conservatives calling themselves 'National', the Conservatives had no objection in their opponents labelling themselves National-Socialists.[2] In 1947 he attacked identity cards which had been introduced during the war because he believed they were a nuisance to law-abiding people and also because the cards were ineffective.[3] Speaker of the House of CommonsIn 1951, when the Conservatives returned to power, Morrison was elected Speaker of the House of Commons. He was opposed by Labour MP Major James Milner, who said it was his party's turn to have a Speaker of the House. It was the first contested election for the post in the twentieth century. Morrison was elected in a vote on party lines. Governor-General of AustraliaMorrison held the post of Speaker until 1959, when he announced that he would not be contesting the forthcoming general election but retiring for reasons of health. As was customary for former Speakers, he was made a Viscount, taking the title Viscount Dunrossil, of Vallaquie in the Isle of North Uist and County of Inverness.[4] Given his health, it surprised many when it was announced shortly thereafter that he had been chosen to succeed Sir William Slim as Governor-General of Australia. He was also appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) that year.[6] By this time support for the idea of British governors-general was declining in Australia, but the Liberal Prime Minister, Robert Menzies, was determined to maintain the British link (and, in particular, the Scottish link). Dunrossil took office on 2 February 1960. He was the first governor-general since Isaac Isaacs (1931–1936) to wear the full ceremonial viceregal uniform, but despite this was known for having a more relaxed approach than his predecessor. Dunrossil suffered from ill health while in office, and his wife frequently deputised for him at ceremonial events. He suffered a pulmonary embolism on the morning of 3 February 1961, becoming the first and only governor-general to die in office. He was granted a state funeral, and buried at St John the Baptist Church, Reid. His Official Secretary throughout his term was Murray Tyrrell.[5] Dunrossil was succeeded in the viscountcy by his son, John Morrison, 2nd Viscount Dunrossil, who was a career officer in the Foreign & Commonwealth Office, holding several senior diplomatic appointments, including serving as Governor of Bermuda. He was proud to wear his father's vice-regal hat on formal occasions on the island colony. Honours, Decorations and Arms
|image = |escutcheon = Per bend sinister Gules and Argent a Demi-Lion rampant issuant Or armed and langued Azure holding in his paws a Battleaxe the Shaft curved of the third and the Axehead of the fourth in chief and in base issuant from the Sea undy Vert and Or a Tower Sable Windows and Port Or over all a Bend sinister embattled Azure charged with an Open Crown Or jewelled Gules between two Fleurs-de-lys Argent; within a Bordure Vert for difference. |crest = Issuant from waves of the Sea Azure crested Argent a Mount Vert thereon an embattled Wall Azure masoned Argent charged with a Portcullis Or and issuant therefrom a Cubit Arm naked proper the hand grasping a Dagger Azure hilted Or |supporters = On either side a Lion regardant Or armed and langued Gules collared Vert supporting between the exterior forepaw and interior hindpaw a Battleaxe Azure the shaft embowed |motto = Above the Crest: Teaghlach Phabbay (The household or family of Phabbay); Below the Shield: An Tighnearna Mo Bhuachaille (The Lord is my Shepherd) |coronet = Coronet of a Viscount[9] }} Notes1. ^{{Cite book|title=Guilty men|last=Cato|publisher=V. Gollancz|year=1940|location=London|oclc=301463537}} 2. ^R. B. McCallum and A. Readman, The British General Election of 1945 (Oxford, 1947), p. 144. 3. ^{{cite web|title=Identity cards in the UK – a lesson from history|url=http://www.statewatch.org/news/2003/jul/26ukid.htm|website=Statewatch News online|accessdate=4 October 2015}} 4. ^{{London Gazette |issue=41867 |date=13 November 1959 |page=7155 |nolink=yes }} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Carroll|first=Brian|date=2004|title=Australia's Governors-General: From Hopetoun to Jeffery|publisher=Rosenberg|pages=131–135|isbn=1877058211}} 6. ^1 {{London Gazette |issue=41917 |date=1 January 1960 |page=79 |nolink=yes }} 7. ^1 {{London Gazette |issue=29131 |date=15 April 1915 |page=3694 |supp=y |nolink=yes }} 8. ^{{London Gazette |issue=42108 |date=2 August 1960 |page=5326 |nolink=yes }} 9. ^http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/dunrossil1959.htm External links
| years = 1929–1959}}{{s-aft| after = Nicholas Ridley}}{{s-bef| before = Douglas Clifton Brown}}{{s-ttl| title = Speaker of the House of Commons | years = 1951–1959}}{{s-aft| after = Sir Harry Hylton-Foster}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef| before = Alfred Duff Cooper}}{{s-ttl| title = Financial Secretary to the Treasury | years = 1935–1936}}{{s-aft| after = John Colville}}{{s-bef| before = Walter Elliot}}{{s-ttl| title = Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries | years = 1936–1939}}{{s-aft| after = Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith}}{{s-new}}{{s-ttl| title = Minister of Food | years = 1939–1940}}{{s-aft| after = The Lord Woolton}}{{s-bef| before = The Earl Winterton}}{{s-ttl| title = Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster | years = 1939–1940}}{{s-aft| after = George Tryon}}{{s-bef| before = George Tryon}}{{s-ttl| title = Postmaster General | years = 1940–1942}}{{s-aft| after = Harry Crookshank}}{{s-gov}}{{s-bef| before = Sir William Slim}}{{s-ttl| title = Governor-General of Australia | years = 1960–1961}}{{s-aft| after = The Viscount De L'Isle}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-new|creation}}{{s-ttl| title = Viscount Dunrossil | years = 1959–1961}}{{s-aft| after = John Morrison}}{{s-end}}{{Speaker of the British House of Commons}}{{Governors-General of Australia}}{{Chairmen of the 1922 Committee}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunrossil, William Morrison, 1st Viscount}} 25 : 1893 births|1961 deaths|Royal Artillery officers|British Army personnel of World War I|Governors-General of Australia|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster|Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom|Agriculture ministers of the United Kingdom|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers|People educated at George Watson's College|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George|Recipients of the Military Cross|British Queen's Counsel|Speakers of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom Postmasters General|UK MPs 1929–31|UK MPs 1931–35|UK MPs 1935–45|UK MPs 1945–50|UK MPs 1950–51|UK MPs 1951–55|UK MPs 1955–59 |
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