| 词条 | William Nelson Cromwell |
| 释义 |
|name = William Nelson Cromwell |image = William Nelson Cromwell I.jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1854|1|17}} |birth_place = Brooklyn, New York |death_date = {{death date and age|1948|7|19|1854|1|17}} |resting_place_coordinates = |nationality = American |alma_mater = Columbia Law School |employer = Sullivan & Cromwell |occupation = Lawyer |networth = $15 million (${{Inflation|US|15|1948|r=-1}} million inflation-adjusted) |party = Republican |spouse = Jennie Osgood Nichols |parents = Sarah M. Brokaw and John Nelson Cromwell |signature = |footnotes = }} William Nelson Cromwell (January 17, 1854 – July 19, 1948) was an American attorney active in promotion of the Panama Canal and other major ventures. Life and careerHe was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York, in an Episcopalian household, by his mother, Sarah M. Brokaw, a Civil War widow. His father, John Nelson Cromwell, died in the Battle of Vicksburg.{{cn|date=April 2017}} He worked as an accountant for the attorney Algernon Sydney Sullivan, who paid for his education at Columbia Law School and made him a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell in 1879.{{cn|date=April 2017}} According to Stephen Kinzer's 2006 book Overthrow, in 1898 the chief of the French Canal Syndicate (a group that owned large swathes of land across Panama), Philippe Bunau-Varilla, hired him to lobby the US Congress to build a canal across Panama, and not across Nicaragua, as rivals would have it.{{cn|date=April 2017}} On June 19, 1902, three days after senators received stamps showing volcanic activity in Nicaragua (although this was more the work of Philippe Bunau-Varilla), they voted for the Panama route for the canal. For his lobbying efforts, he received the sum of $800,000.[1] (about {{Inflation|US|0.8|1902|r=-1}} million USD today). After the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty was ratified, Cromwell was paid another $2,000,000 (about {{Inflation|US|2|1902|r=-1}} million USD today) – at the time, the highest amount ever paid to a lawyer.[2] By 1907, he was a member of the Consolidated Stock Exchange of New York, one of around 13,000.[3] One of his main pro bono activities was in the founding of "the Society of Friends of Roumania" in 1920 under the patronage of Her Majesty Queen Marie of Romania, granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. Under his tutelage, the New York-based Society promoted numerous exchanges between the two countries and published the distinguished Roumania – A Quarterly Review.{{cn|date=April 2017}} References1. ^{{cite book | title= Overthrow: America's century of regime change from Hawaii to Iraq | last= Kinzer | first= Stephen | authorlink= Stephen Kinzer | year= 2006 | publisher= Henry Holt and Company | location= New York | isbn= 0-8050-8240-9 | pages= 58–59}} 2. ^LAWYER WHO GOT A $2,000,000 FEE, in the Tacoma Times; published March 2, 1904; retrieved January 27, 2015 (via Chronicling America 3. ^{{Citation| last =Armstrong Nelson| first =Samuel | year =1907| title =The Consolidated Stock Exchange of New York: Its History, Organization, Machinery and Methods| publisher =| publication-place =| pages =19–23| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=VhopAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20-IA1&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false| accessdate =February 6, 2017}} Further reading
External links
8 : 1854 births|1948 deaths|Columbia Law School alumni|New York (state) lawyers|People from Brooklyn|New York (state) Republicans|19th-century American businesspeople|Sullivan & Cromwell partners |
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