| 词条 | Castaic Range War |
| 释义 |
| title = Castaic Range War | partof = | image = | caption = | date = 1890–1916 | place = Castaic, California | coordinates = | causes = Land disputes, family feud | goals = | methods = | status = | result = Jenkins victory | side1 = William Willoby Jenkins | side2 = William C. Chormicle | side3 = | leadfigures1 = | leadfigures2 = | leadfigures3 = | howmany1 = | howmany2 = | howmany3 = | casualties1 = | casualties2 = | casualties3 = 21–40 killed | fatalities = | injuries = | arrests = | detentions = | charged = | fined = | casualties_label = | notes = }} The Castaic Range War, also known as the Jenkins-Chormicle Affair, was a range war that happened in Castaic, California from 1890 to 1916, between ranchers and farmers William Willoby Jenkins and William C. Chormicle who both staked claims on a piece of land in the territory. The feud started when Chormicle purchased 1,600 acres of the same land Jenkins had settled on years ago. When the dispute couldn't be settled on court, violence erupted between the two, lasting for over two decades, with dozens of men from both sides killed. It was one of the largest range wars in American history and one of the bloodiest events in the state.[1][2] HistoryBackgroundWilliam Willoby Jenkins was a rancher and gambler who staked a claim to land in Castaic, California in 1875, during the great migration West following the Homestead Acts in the late 19th Century.[1] He was 16 when he moved from Ohio to the Los Angeles area with his family in 1851. In Castaic, Jenkins ran a successful ranch, an oil company, and a profitable cat business during a rat infestation in the county.[1] He later developed a reputation as a gambler and gunman. At one time Jenkins was deputized as a Los Angeles County constable. In one incident, he was sent to repossess a guitar from a locally popular Mexican man named Antonio Ruiz. A fight broke out during which Jenkins shot and killed Ruiz. Jenkins was jailed to await trial for murder. A mob of about 200 Mexicans formed to lynch him; the sheriff was wounded during their failed attempt to swarm the jail. Jenkins later enlisted in the Los Angeles Rangers, a local militia. The group pursued the men who had shot the sheriff, arrested their leader, but later released him. By 1872, Jenkins staked a claim near Castaic Creek, building a ranch he called the Lazy Z.[1][2] FeudIn 1890, another rancher and frontiersman by the name of William C. Chormicle settled nearby, claiming to have bought 1,600 acres of the same land as Jenkins from railroads. This claim conflicted with that by Jenkins and the two came into conflict. The men failed to resolve the dispute amicably in court and it escalated to violence. The same year, Jenkins sent three men onto the disputed land. Chormicle and William A. Gardner, a friend of his, fired on the intruders, killing two of them, while the third, escaped by horse. Chormicle and Gardner surrendered to the sheriff and a trial was set. They pleaded self-defense, saying that they were protecting the property. The trial lasted for 18 days in June 1890, one of the longest trials in Los Angeles County history at the time. Jenkins was infuriated when the jury found Chormicle and Gardner not guilty.[1][2] The two men began to dispute mining, grazing, and water rights in addition to road building. A number of barns were burned on both sides, and men were killed in gun battles. In one incident, a young girl was killed in a crossfire. Later, forest ranger Robert Emmett Clark, appointed in 1905 by President Theodore Roosevelt, was sent to end the feud. Clark succeeded in keeping the peace until 1913, when he left Castaic. That year, Jenkins was shot in the chest at his Lazy Z home by a man working for Chormicle, but survived.[1][2] The feud continued, and a group of men working for Jenkins burned down William Gardner's house, killing him and some members of his family. Chormicle retaliated by having his rival's son, David Jenkins, lynched in Bouquet Canyon.[3]{{Single Source-inline|reason=Online sources make no mention of such events|date=August 2017}} The long-running conflict began to draw to a close when Chormicle was shot to death in 1916. Jenkins had recovered not long before and was blamed by locals for the murder. Sometime in the next few years, Jenkins was shot while herding cattle on the disputed land by a man named Billy Rose. Rose's, William B. Rose, had testified on Chormicle's behalf in the 1890 trial, and carried on the feud after Chormicle's death. Jenkins again survived, and the feud drew to a close. Jenkins eventually died of an illness in October 1919 while visiting relatives in Los Angeles. He was either 84 or 86, and had reportedly survived a total of seven gunshot wounds.[1][2] In total, the Castaic Range War claimed the lives of 21[1][2] to 40 people.[4]{{Single Source-inline|reason=Online sources state 21 as a maximum estimate|date=August 2017}} LegacyToday, much of the disputed land, near what is now the intersection of Lake Hughes Road and Castaic Road, is submerged under Castaic Lake behind Castaic Dam.[1][2] In 1998, workers at a housing development site unearthed the pine boxes containing the remains of an infant and four adult men. The site was believed to have been the site of the Jenkins family cemetery, and the bodies some of the final victims of the range war.[1] Bouquet Canyon, where William Jenkins's son David was killed, has been nicknamed both "Hangman's Canyon" or "Dead Man's Canyon", in reference to the lynching.[5]{{Single Source-inline|reason=Online sources again make no mention of the lynching|date=August 2017}} References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web |url=http://www.scvhistory.com/scvhistory/castaic-feud-041501.htm|title=Castaic Range War Left Up to 21 Dead |last=Rasmussen|first=Cecilia|publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=April 15, 2001 |accessdate=December 20, 2015}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://www.signalscv.com/archives/40839/|title=The Great Castaic Range War |last=Gray|first=Peter C.|publisher=The Santa Clarita Valley Signal |date=February 20, 2011 |accessdate=December 20, 2015}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Boston|first=John|title=Santa Clarita Valley (Images of America)|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|date=8 April 2009|page=32|isbn=978-0738569383}}. 4. ^{{cite book|last=Pollack|first=Allan|title=Legendary Locals of the Santa Clarita Valley, California|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|date=10 September 2012|page=28|isbn=978-1467100274}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Boston|first=John|title=Santa Clarita Valley (Images of America)|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|date=8 April 2009|page=32|isbn=978-0738569383}}. External links
4 : Conflicts in 1890|1890 in the United States|Internal wars of the United States|Range wars and feuds of the American Old West |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。