| 词条 | Castanhão Ecological Station |
| 释义 |
| name = Castanhão Ecological Station | alt_name = Estação Ecológica do Castanhão | iucn_category = Ia | photo = File:BARRAGEM DO CASTANHÃO - panoramio.jpg | photo_alt = | photo_caption = Landscape of the Castanhão Dam | map = Brazil | map_alt = | relief = yes | location = | nearest_city = Jaguaribara, Ceará | coordinates = {{coord|-5.611715|-38.501203|region:BR|format=dms|display=it}} | area_ha = 12579 | designation = Ecological station | created = 27 September 2001 | administrator = Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation | world_heritage_site = }} The Castanhão Ecological Station ({{lang-pt|Estação Ecológica do Castanhão}}) is an ecological station (ESEC) in the state of Ceará, Brazil. It protects an area of caatinga vegetation adapted to arid conditions to the south of the Castanhão Dam. LocationThe Castanhão Ecological Station is divided between the municipalities of Alto Santo (0.75%), Iracema (15.2%) and Jaguaribara (84.04%) in the state of Ceará. It has an area of {{convert|12579|ha}}.{{sfn|ESEC do Castanhão – ISA |loc=Informações gerais}} The ESEC is about {{convert|270|km}} from Fortaleza. It is in the Sertaneja Depression of the Sertanejos Residual Plateaus. Terrain is mostly smooth or gently undulating.{{sfn|ESEC do Castanhão – ISA |loc=Características}} The ESEC is in the Jaguaribe River basin, which covers just over 51% of the state.{{sfn|Mendes de Sena|2011|p=36}} HistoryThe Castanhão Dam is one of the most important projects of DNOCS (National Department of Drought Works) and the largest dam in Brazil on an intermittent river. It was controversial, forcing relocation of thousands of people and relocation of the municipal seat of Jaguaribara.{{sfn|Mendes de Sena|2011|p=36}} The Castanhão Ecological Station was created in compensation for the environmental impact of the dam.{{sfn|ESEC do Castanhão – ISA |loc=Características}} The ESEC was created by federal decree on 27 September 2001. It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio).{{sfn|Esec do Castanhão – ICMBio}} The ESEC is classed as IUCN protected area category Ia (strict nature reserve). Objectives are to protect and preserve samples of the caatinga ecosystem, and to enable development of scientific research and environmental education programs.{{sfn|Unidade de Conservação ... MMA}} In 2006 it was announced that the ESEC would be almost doubled in area to {{convert|23000|ha}}, encompassing the Serra da Micaela. This was because the high areas contain the sources of the rivers, important for conservation. IBAMA would install an office in Nova Jaguaribara for research into the caatinga, and the flora and fauna of the area.{{sfn|Área ecológica será duplicada – O Povo}} As of 2017 the ICMBio website still showed the area as {{convert|12574.44|ha}}.{{sfn|Esec do Castanhão – ICMBio}} EnvironmentThe ESEC has a tropical southern austral semi-arid climate. Annual rainfall ranges from {{convert|750|to|1000|mm}}. Average temperature is {{convert|27|C}}.{{sfn|ESEC do Castanhão – ISA |loc=Características}} 36% of the area is used for agriculture and 15.7% is devoid of vegetation. 18.2% contains original vegetation.{{sfn|Mendes de Sena|2011|p=vi}} Native vegetation is mostly woody, grassy savanna in the caatinga biome, with scattered shrub sized hyperxerophilic plants. The main species are Mimosa acustipula and Crotoneae species, pioneer plants following strong human disruption of the environment.{{sfn|ESEC do Castanhão – ISA |loc=Características}} Notes{{notes}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|title=Área ecológica será duplicada|date=4 March 2006|journal=O Povo|location=Fortaleza, CE |url=http://gvces.com.br/estacao-ecologica-do-castanhao-ce-area-ecologica-sera-duplicada?locale=pt-br|accessdate=2017-02-21}}
|title=Esec do Castanhão|publisher=ICMBio: Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade |url=http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/unidadesdeconservacao/biomas-brasileiros/caatinga/unidades-de-conservacao-caatinga/2117-esec-do-castanhao|accessdate=2017-02-21}}
|title=ESEC do Castanhão|publisher=ISA: Instituto Socioambiental |url=https://uc.socioambiental.org/uc/584758|accessdate=2017-02-21}}
|last=Mendes de Sena |first=Liana Mara|language=pt|location=Fortaleza|year=2011|publisher=Universidade Federal do Ceará |url=http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/bitstream/riufc/16684/1/2011_dis_lmmsena.pdf|accessdate=2017-02-21}}
|title=Unidade de Conservação: Estação Ecológica do Castanhão|publisher=MMA: Ministério do Meio Ambiente |url=http://sistemas.mma.gov.br/cnuc/index.php?ido=relatorioparametrizado.exibeRelatorio&relatorioPadrao=true&idUc=66|accessdate=2017-02-21}}{{refend}}{{Ecological station (Brazil)}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Castanhao Ecological Station}} 4 : Ecological stations of Brazil|Protected areas established in 2001|2001 establishments in Brazil|Protected areas of Ceará |
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