| 词条 | William Sancroft |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|size=100|MRevd|&RHPC}} | name = William Sancroft | honorific-suffix = | archbishop_of = Archbishop of Canterbury | image = AbpWilliamSancroft.jpg | imagesize = | alt = | caption = William Sancroft | province = | diocese = | see = | enthroned = 1677 | ended = 1690 | predecessor = Gilbert Sheldon | successor = John Tillotson | ordination = | consecration = | other_post = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1617|1|30|df=y}} | birth_place = Ufford Hall, Fressingfield, Suffolk, England | death_date = {{death date and age|1693|11|24|1617|1|30|df=y}} | death_place = Ufford Hall, Fressingfield, Suffolk, England | buried = Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, Fressingfield | nationality = | religion = | residence = | parents = | spouse = | children = | occupation = | profession = | alma_mater = Emmanuel College, Cambridge | signature = | feast_day = | venerated = | saint_title = | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | shrine = | suppressed_date = }} William Sancroft (30 January 1617 – 24 November 1693) was the 79th Archbishop of Canterbury,[1] and was one of the Seven Bishops imprisoned in 1688 for seditious libel against King James II, over his opposition to the king's Declaration of Indulgence. LifeSancroft was born at Ufford Hall in Fressingfield, Suffolk, son of Francis Sandcroft (1580–1647) and Margaret Sandcroft née Butcher (1594–1631). He was educated at the Bury St Edmunds free grammar school before being admitted to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in September 1633[2] and matriculating there in 1634.[3] He became M.A. in 1641 and fellow in 1642,[4] but was ejected in 1649 for refusing to accept the "Engagement". He then remained abroad till the Restoration, after which he was chosen one of the university preachers, and was elected Master of his alma mater Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1662, serving until 1665. In 1663 was nominated to the deanery of York. He became Dean of St Paul's in 1664, greatly assisting with the rebuilding after the Great Fire of London,[5] towards which he contributed £1400. He also rebuilt the deanery, and improved its revenue. He was criticized for leaving London during the Great Plague of 1665, though in his defence it must be said that virtually all of the upper class did the same. In 1668 he was admitted Archdeacon of Canterbury upon the king's presentation, but he resigned the post in 1670. In 1677, being now prolocutor of the Convocation, he was unexpectedly advanced to the archbishopric of Canterbury, at the express wish of the King, who trusted in his moderation. So unwilling was he to accept that the King only persuaded him by explaining that he had already appointed the new Dean of St Paul's. He attended Charles II upon his deathbed, and "made to him a very weighty exhortation, in which he used a good degree of freedom." He crowned King James II in 1685.[5] Sancroft wrote with his own hand the petition presented in 1688 against the reading of the Declaration of Indulgence, which was signed by himself and six of his suffragans (collectively known as the Seven Bishops). For this they (of whom Sancroft was oldest, at 71) were all committed to the Tower of London, but were acquitted. Nonjuring schism{{Main|Nonjuring schism}}Upon the withdrawal of James II he concurred with the Lords in a declaration to William III for a free parliament, and due indulgence to the Protestant dissenters. But, when William and his wife (James's daughter) Mary were declared king and queen, he refused to take the oath to them, and was accordingly suspended and deprived in 1690.[6] In August 1690 John Tillotson took over his duties. In April 1691 Tillotson officially became Sancroft's successor. Many years after it was composed, John Overall's Convocation Book was published by Sancroft, to justify the principles of his Nonjuring party. The book was “on the subject of Government, the divine institution of which was very positively asserted.” It consisted partly of canons and partly of introductory and explanatory dissertations on the matter of the canons and had been duly sanctioned in the Convocation of 1610. It was, however, a strange oversight in Sancroft's party to publish the book, as there are several canons in it which clearly lay down that a de facto government is, when completely established, to be held in the light of a de jure government; and it was upon the very grounds set forth in this book that Sherlock took the oaths to King William.[7] Sancroft was a patron of Henry Wharton (1664–1695), the divine and church historian, to whom on his deathbed he entrusted his manuscripts and the remains of Archbishop Laud (published in 1695). From 5 August 1691 until his death two years later, he lived a very retired life in his native village of Fressingfield. He died at his family home, Ufford Hall, and was buried in the churchyard of Fressingfield, where there is a Latin epitaph to his memory.[5] See also{{Portal|Anglicanism}}
Bibliography
References1. ^[https://www.emma.cam.ac.uk/about/history/famous/?id=6 Emmanuel College, Cambridge web-site] 2. ^"A History of Emmanuel College, Cambridge" Sarah Bendall,S; Brooke,C; Collinson, P: Woodbridge, Boydell, 2000 {{ISBN|0851153933}} 3. ^{{acad|id=SNDT633W|name=Sancroft, William}} 4. ^Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900, John Venn/John Archibald Venn Cambridge University Press [https://archive.org/stream/p1alumnicantabri04univuoft#page/12 > (10 volumes 1922 to 1953) Part I. 1209–1751 Vol. iv. Saal – Zuinglius, (1927) p12] 5. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.onesuffolk.co.uk/FressingfieldPC/Villagehistory/WilliamSancroft.htm|title=William Sancroft|accessdate=5 July 2007|work=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706225733/http://www.onesuffolk.co.uk/FressingfieldPC/Villagehistory/WilliamSancroft.htm|archivedate=6 July 2007|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.onesuffolk.co.uk/FressingfieldPC/Villagehistory/WilliamSancroft.htm |title = William Sancroft |accessdate = 5 July 2007 |work = |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070706225733/http://www.onesuffolk.co.uk/FressingfieldPC/Villagehistory/WilliamSancroft.htm |archivedate = 6 July 2007 |df = dmy-all}} 7. ^King’s Handbook to the Cathedrals of England, by Richard John King, published by John Murray, Albemarle Street, Oxford, 1862, p166. Sources
|before= William Dillingham |title = Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge |years = 1662–1665 |after = John Breton }}{{S-rel|en}}{{Succession box | before=Richard Marsh | title=Dean of York | after=Robert Hitch | years=Jan.–Nov. 1664}}{{Succession box | before=John Barwick | title=Dean of St Paul's | after=Edward Stillingfleet | years=1664–1678}}{{Succession box | before=Gilbert Sheldon | title=Archbishop of Canterbury | after=John Tillotson | years=1678–1691}}{{S-end}}{{Masters of Emmanuel College, Cambridge}}{{Deans of York}}{{St Paul's Cathedral}}{{Archbishops of Canterbury}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Sancroft, William}} 14 : 1617 births|1693 deaths|17th-century Anglican archbishops|Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Archbishops of Canterbury|Deans of St Paul's|Deans of York|Masters of Emmanuel College, Cambridge|Members of the Privy Council of England|People educated at King Edward VI School, Bury St Edmunds|People from Fressingfield|Participants in the Savoy Conference|English nonjuror clergy|Burials in Suffolk |
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