“Central Committee on Women's Employment”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Central Committee on Women's Employment, later known as the Central Committee on Women’s Training and Employment, was an organisation set up in the United Kingdom during the First World War to provide employment for women, especially those who had become unemployed due to the War. In 1920, it became a standing committee in the House of Commons.

History

The Central Committee on Women's Employment (CCWE) was created on 20 August 1914,^[1]^[2]^[3] by the Home Secretary.^[3] The committee had fourteen members, of whom five were women.^[3] Mary Macarthur was appointed secretary of the organisation,^[1] and Labour movement members Susan Lawrence, Margaret Bondfield, and Marion Phillips were also members of the committee.^[1] Harold Tennant's wife Margaret was also later a member of the committee.^[4] The CCWE received funding from the newly formed Ministry of Labour.^[5]

The CCWE aimed to provide employment for women, especially those who had become unemployed or displaced due to the First World War.^[2]^[3] It initially encouraged women to take up war-related jobs, such as providing army clothes for the War Office and the British Army.^[3] The Labour movement through the committee campaigned for women's rights, in particular equal pay for equal work, and jobs at the end of the war,^[1] as well as the reduction of short time working hours for women.^[4] In September 1914, the employment rate for women was 8.5% lower than the previous month.^[2] In 1914, the minimum rate for women to be paid for their work was 3d per hour, up to a maximum of 10/- including housing allowance.^[3]

After the War, the organisation became the Central Committee on Women's Training and Employment (CCWTE). The CCWTE focused on retraining women who became unemployed when the men returned.^[4] During the inter war years, Violet Markham was the CCWTE's chairwoman.^[6] In 1919, the government pledged HM Treasury money for "housecraft" training, and gave the CCWTE £50,000 to help with other training.^[7] In 1920, the Central Committee on Women's Employment became a standing committee in the House of Commons.^[8] Using funding from the Empire Settlement Act 1922, the CCWTE set up a home training centre in Market Harborough,^[9] and later set up home training centres in Glasgow, Harrogate, Newcastle, Leamington Spa, and London.^[6]

Other

In 1918, an Irish Central Committee for the Employment of Women (ICCEW) was created, to serve a similar purpose in Ireland.^[10]

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/?id=Zj-8AAAAIAAJ&dq=Central+Committee+on+Women%27s+Employment| title= For Labour and for Women: The Women's Labour League, 1906-1918| last=Collette| first=Christine| publisher=Manchester University Press| pages=168–169|date=1989|access-date=6 January 2019| isbn= 9780719025914}}
2. ^¹²{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/?id=ZQtYAQAAQBAJ&dq=Central+Committee+on+Women%27s+Employment+1914| title= State Intervention in Great Britain: Study of Economic Control and Social Response, 1914-1919|last=Hurwitz| first=Samuel J.| publisher=Routledge| date=2013| page=134| access-date=6 January 2019| isbn= 9781136931864}}
3. ^¹²³⁴⁵{{cite journal| title= The War and Women's Work in England| last=Abbott| first=edith| journal=Journal of Political Economy| volume = 25| number=7|date=1917| pages=641–678|jstor = 1821772|doi = 10.1086/253010}}
4. ^¹²{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/?id=oS6DAgAAQBAJ&dq=Central+Committee+on+Women%27s+Employment| title= Women and Work in Britain since 1840|last=Holloway| first=Gerry| publisher=Routledge| pages=131,246|date=2007|access-date=6 January 2019| isbn= 9781134513000}}
5. ^{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/?id=H2sTDAAAQBAJ&dq=Central+Committee+on+Women%E2%80%99s+Training+and+Employment| title= Young Women, Work, and Family in England 1918-1950|last=Todd| first=Selina| publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=127|date=2005|access-date=9 January 2019| isbn= 9780199282753}}
6. ^¹{{cite web| url=http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/rmhttp/radio4/making-history/able-bodies.pdf|type=pdf| title= Able Bodies: Work camps and the training of the unemployed in Britain before 1939 |last=Field|first=John|publisher=University of Stirling|via=BBC Radio 4| date=6 July 2009| accessdate=9 January 2010}}
7. ^{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/?id=iABRp1a7RMAC&dq=Central+Committee+on+Women%E2%80%99s+Training+and+Employment| title= Suffrage and Power: The Women's Movement 1918-1928|last=Law| first=Cheryl| publisher=I.B. Tauris|pages=72–74|date=2000|access-date=6 January 2019| isbn= 9781860644788}}
8. ^{{cite news| url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/feb/09/demobilised-woman-women-first-world-war-army| title= Editorial: the demobilised woman – archive, 1920| work=The Guardian |orig-year=1920|date=9 February 2017|accessdate=6 January 2019}}
9. ^{{cite book| url= https://books.google.com/?id=SWFcAgAAQBAJ&dq=Central+Committee+on+Women%E2%80%99s+Training+and+Employment| title= The Routledge Encyclopaedia of UK Education, Training and Employment: From the earliest statutes to the present day|last=Wilson| first=John P.| publisher=Routledge| date=2013|access-date=6 January 2019| isbn= 9781317796510}}
10. ^{{cite journal| title= New Issues and Old: women and politics in Ireland, 1914–1918| last=Pašeta| first=Senia|journal=Women's History Review| volume=28|issue = 3| pages=432–449| date=2018| doi= 10.1080/09612025.2016.1221290}}