| 词条 | Central Plains Biosphere Reserve |
| 释义 |
| name = Central Plains Biosphere Reserve | alt_name = Central Plains Experimental Range | iucn_category = | photo = Cattle grazing on the Central Plains Experimental Range.jpg | photo_alt = Photo of grazing cattle on golden pasture under cloudy skies | photo_caption = Yearling steers grazing on an experimental research pasture | photo_width=280 | map = USA West | relief = 1 | location = Colorado, USA | nearest_city = Nunn, Colorado | coords = {{coord|40|30|N|104|26|W|type:landmark_region:US-CO|display=inline,title}} | region = | area = {{convert|6,210|ha|sqmi}} | established = | governing_body = United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service }} The Central Plains Biosphere Reserve (established in 1976 and withdrawn in 2017) was a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve located in the western central Great Plains in north-central Colorado in the shortgrass prairie. The {{convert|6,210|ha|sqmi}} reserve encompasses the Central Plains Experimental Range (CPER) administered by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. The predominant grass is blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis). Other grasses include sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus), red three-awn (Aristida longispica) and buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides).[1] HistoryThe Central Plains Experimental Range has a long history of research on shortgrass prairie ecosystems and the effects of range management practices. Several areas in the reserve were farmed and grazed for many years and are now embedded in a countryside of intense agriculture.[1] In the Dust Bowl years of the mid 1930s, many farms and ranches of the western Great Plains were abandoned due to drought, overgrazing and soil blown from plowed fields. The U.S. Forest Service requested that the Central Plains Experimental Range be established to research improved management practices on fragile grasslands. The first research project was initiated in 1939 by the U.S. Forest Service. The Agricultural Act of 1953 reorganized the USDA and transferred administration of the CPER from the Forest Service to the Agricultural Research Service (ARS). Grazing studies begun in the 1930s are still being conducted to evaluate the long-term impacts of livestock on rangeland resources. Early studies at CPER focused on understanding plant life on native prairie and abandoned plowed lands, and on gaining knowledge of experimental techniques for measuring vegetation and livestock responses to different grazing systems. Numerous seeding trials for various range grasses were conducted; the resulting principles are used by consultants today. One of the most widely used scientific findings from past research at the CPER is livestock management decision-making based on ungrazed residue. Applicable information has been used to aid producers from Iceland to Africa. CPER is a part of the worldwide Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program. Colorado State University and its Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory (NREL) have conducted extensive research at the site.[2][1] MonitoringMonitoring is carried out on above-ground and below-ground plant biomass and livestock weights. There are four instrumented watersheds under different grazing intensities which are used to obtain data for water budgets.[1] WithdrawalThe Central Plains Biosphere Reserve was one of 17 reserves in the United States withdrawn from the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme in June 2017.[3][4] Sources{{free-content attribution| author = UNESCO | title = UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory | publisher = UNESCO | documentURL = http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+04&mode=all | License statement URL = http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/world-network-wnbr/wnbr/ | licence = CC BY-SA IGO 3.0 }}{{USDA}} References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/mabdb/br/brdir/directory/biores.asp?code=USA+04&mode=all|title=Biosphere Reserve Information: Central Plains|accessdate=3 September 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Central Plains Experimental Range|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=10724|website=Rangeland Resources Research|publisher=USDA/ARS|accessdate=28 May 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/europe-north-america/|title=Biosphere Reserves: Europe & North America|author=UNESCO|accessdate=2 September 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/23-new-sites-added-unesco-s-world-network-biosphere-reserves|title=23 new sites added to UNESCO’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves|date=14 June 2017|accessdate=2 September 2018}} 2 : Biosphere reserves of the United States|Protected areas of Colorado |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。