| 词条 | William Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable |name = The Lord Waldegrave of North Hill |honorific-suffix = PC |image = William Waldegrave visiting University of Salford 1981 cropped.jpg |imagesize = 200px |caption = Waldegrave in 1981 |office = Chief Secretary to the Treasury |primeminister = John Major |term_start = 5 July 1995 |term_end = 2 May 1997 |predecessor = Jonathan Aitken |successor = Alistair Darling |office1 = Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food |primeminister1 = John Major |term_start1 = 20 July 1994 |term_end1 = 5 July 1995 |predecessor1 = Gillian Shephard |successor1 = Douglas Hogg |office2 = Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster |primeminister2 = John Major |term_start2 = 10 April 1992 |term_end2 = 20 July 1994 |predecessor2 = The Lord Patten of Barnes |successor2 = David Hunt |office3 = Secretary of State for Health |primeminister3 = Margaret Thatcher John Major |term_start3 = 2 November 1990 |term_end3 = 10 April 1992 |predecessor3 = Kenneth Clarke |successor3 = Virginia Bottomley |office4 = Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs |primeminister4 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start4 = 26 July 1988 |term_end4 = 2 November 1990 |predecessor4 = David Mellor |successor4 = Douglas Hogg |office5 = Minister of State for Housing |primeminister5 = Margaret Thatcher |term_start5 = 13 June 1987 |term_end5 = 26 July 1988 |predecessor5 = John Patten |successor5 = Malcolm Sinclair |office6 = Member of Parliament for Bristol West |term_start6 = 3 May 1979 |term_end6 = 1 May 1997 |predecessor6 = Robert Cooke |successor6 = Valerie Davey |birth_name=William Arthur Waldegrave |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|8|15|df=y}} |birth_place = London, United Kingdom |death_date = |death_place = |spouse = Caroline Burrows |children = 4 |party = Conservative |alma_mater = Corpus Christi College, Oxford Harvard University }}William Arthur Waldegrave, Baron Waldegrave of North Hill, PC ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|w|ɔː|l|ɡ|r|eɪ|v}}; born 15 August 1946) is a British Conservative politician who served in the Cabinet from 1990 until 1997, and is a life member of the Tory Reform Group. He is now a life peer in the House of Lords. Since 8 February 2009, Lord Waldegrave has been the Provost of Eton College. Additionally, he was inaugurated as Chancellor of the University of Reading on 9 December 2016.[1] Waldegrave's 2015 memoir, A Different Kind of Weather, discusses his high youthful political ambition, his political and to some extent personal life, and growing acceptance that he would not achieve his ultimate ambition. It also provides an account of the Heath, Thatcher and—to a lesser extent—Major governments, including his role in the development of the 'community charge' or poll tax. It includes a chapter entitled 'The Poll Tax – all my own work'.[2] Waldegrave served as a Trustee (1992-2011) and Chair (2002–2011) of the Rhodes Trust, during which time he also helped to create and served as a Trustee of the Mandela Rhodes Foundation. His portrait hangs at Rhodes House, Oxford.[3] He was the Chairman of Trustees of the National Museum of Science and Industry from 2002 to 2010.[4] Early lifeBorn {{Abbreviation|Hon.|The Honorable}} as the son of an Earl, William Waldegrave was the youngest (by six years) of the seven children of Mary Hermione Grenfell and the 12th Earl Waldegrave, his elder brother being the present Earl. One of his sisters is Lady Susan Hussey, who became Baroness Hussey of North Bradley upon her husband's elevation to the House of Lords. His father's title was created five generations earlier for diplomat and ambassador James Waldegrave, 1st Earl Waldegrave, whose grandfather was James II and VII. EducationWaldegrave was educated at Eton College, where he won the Newcastle Scholarship in 1965, and at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he served for a term as president of the Oxford Union. Oxford was followed by Harvard University in the United States, on a Kennedy Scholarship. In 1971, he was elected a Prize Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, and is now a Distinguished Fellow. Early careerIn 1971, Waldegrave was working at the Conservative Research Department; that March he was appointed to the Central Policy Review Staff (CPRS, also referred to as the 'Think-Tank'). “He was from the beginning one of the most active 'philosophers' of the CPRS, and the proponent of strong views about its proper roles and functions.”.[5] He was one of the few openly political members of the staff and was used by Victor Rothschild, head of the CPRS, as a link with both the Conservative party (then in government) and the outside, non Civil Service world.[6] He left in December 1973.[7] Member of ParliamentHe was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol West in 1979. He was regarded as a member of the "wet" or moderate tendency of the Conservative Party, and despite this progressed well from the backbenches in Margaret Thatcher's government: He became a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Education and Science in 1981 before moving to the Department of the Environment in 1983. He remained at Environment, becoming a Minister of State in 1985, until he became a Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in 1988. In this post he was involved in setting policy on arms exports to Iraq; the initial draft of the Scott Report found that he had agreed in February 1989 to relax the policy, but had sent out 38 untrue letters to Members of Parliament stating that the policy was unchanged. However, Sir Richard Scott exonerated Waldegrave of "duplicitous intent" in wrongly describing the Government's policy.[8] As a Cabinet ministerHe was promoted to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Health in November 1990, just days before Thatcher's resignation, and remained a member of the Cabinet throughout John Major's time as Prime Minister. He became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the Cabinet Office with responsibility for public services and science in 1992, Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in 1994 and Chief Secretary to the Treasury in 1995. He attended Bilderberg Group meetings four times: 1987, 1988, 1990 and 1995.{{citation needed|date=July 2018}} After losing his Commons seat to Valerie Davey in the 1997 general election, he entered the House of Lords as Baron Waldegrave of North Hill, of Chewton Mendip in the County of Somerset, in 1999. Private sectorLord Waldegrave was a Director of Adam & Company, a member of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, from 2017 to 2018. He has been a Director of Coutts & Company, also a member of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group, since 2012. Personal lifeHe is married to Caroline Waldegrave, cookery writer and managing director of Leith's School of Food and Wine. They have four children, Katherine, Elizabeth, James and Harriet. Waldegrave is a trustee of Cumberland Lodge, an educational charity.[9] He is an active member of the Board of Managers for the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University.[10] He offered a prize for the best lay explanation of the Higgs Boson. In 1993, when he was the British science minister, he observed that British taxpayers were paying a lot of money (in contributions to CERN) for something very few of them understood, and he challenged UK particle physicists to explain, in a simple manner on one piece of paper, 'What is the Higgs Boson, and why do we want to find it?' Professor David Miller's metaphor is probably the most quoted explanation of the Higgs Boson, and won the prize:
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References1. ^{{cite web |title=University of Reading Inaugurates New Chancellor |url=https://www.reading.ac.uk/news-and-events/releases/PR707387.aspx}} 2. ^Waldegrave, William: A Different Kind of Weather - A Memoir, Constable (2015); {{ISBN|978-1-47211-975-9}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/news/rhodes-community-thanks-lord-waldegrave |title=In responding to thanks, Waldegrave stresses international value of Rhodes Scholarships - The Rhodes Scholarships |website=Rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk |date=2011-10-21 |accessdate=2016-07-15}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Baron Waldegrave of North Hill|url=http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/lords/lord-waldegrave-of-north-hill/957|publisher=Parliament UK website|accessdate=17 May 2015}} 5. ^Inside The Think Tank - Advising the Cabinet 1971-1983Tessa Blackstone and William Plowden 1988{{ISBN|0 7493 0302 6}} p27 6. ^Inside The Think Tank - Advising the Cabinet 1971-1983Tessa Blackstone and William Plowden 1988{{ISBN|0 7493 0302 6}} p28 7. ^Tessa Blackstone and William Plowden 1988{{ISBN|0 7493 0302 6}} Appendix 4 8. ^David Pallister, "Waldegrave: 'Untrue' letters sent to MPs", The Guardian, 16 February 1996, p. 12. 9. ^{{cite web|title=Lord Waldegrave: Cumberland Lodge|url=http://www.cumberlandlodge.ac.uk/about-us/people/lord-waldegrave|accessdate=24 February 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=The Lewis Walpole Library: Board of Managers|url=http://www.library.yale.edu/walpole/about/board_of_managers.html|website=Library.yale.edu|accessdate=2016-07-15}} External links
|-{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Kenneth Clarke}}{{s-ttl|title=Secretary of State for Health|years=1990–1992}}{{s-aft|after=Virginia Bottomley}} |-{{s-bef|before=Chris Patten}}{{s-ttl|title=Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster|years=1992–1994}}{{s-aft|after=David Hunt}} |-{{s-bef|before=Gillian Shephard}}{{s-ttl|title=Minister of State for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food|years=1994–1995}}{{s-aft|after=Douglas Hogg}} |-{{s-bef|before=Jonathan Aitken}}{{s-ttl|title=Chief Secretary to the Treasury|years=1995–1997}}{{s-aft|after=Alistair Darling}} |-{{s-aca}}{{s-bef|before=John Madejski}}{{s-ttl|title=Chancellor of the University of Reading|years=2016-present}}{{s-inc}} |-{{s-bef|before=Eric Anderson}}{{s-ttl|title=Provost of Eton|years=2009–present}}{{s-inc}}{{s-end}}{{Secretary of State for Health}}{{Chief Secretaries to the Treasury}}{{Thatcher Ministry}}{{Major Ministry}}{{Provosts of Eton College}}{{use dmy dates|date=March 2012}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Waldegrave, William}} 26 : 1946 births|People from Mendip District|People from Somerset|English people of Cornish descent|English people of Scottish descent|English people of French descent|Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford|Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Conservative Party (UK) life peers|Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford|Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford|Harvard University alumni|Living people|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Agriculture ministers of the United Kingdom|People educated at Eton College|Presidents of the Oxford Union|Secretaries of State for Health (UK)|Waldegrave family|UK MPs 1979–83|UK MPs 1983–87|UK MPs 1987–92|UK MPs 1992–97|Younger sons of earls|Kennedy scholars |
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