| 词条 | Willie Dixon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Willie Dixon | image = Willie Dixon 1979.jpg | caption = Dixon at Harry Hope's in Cary, Illinois, 1979 | image_size = 250px | birth_name = William James Dixon | alias = | background = solo_singer | birth_date = {{birth date|1915|7|1}} | birth_place = Vicksburg, Mississippi, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1992|1|29|1915|7|1}} | death_place = Burbank, California, buried: Burr Oak Cemetery[1] | instrument = Vocals, double bass, guitar | genre = Blues, rock and roll, Chicago blues, jump blues, rhythm and blues, gospel | occupation = Musician, songwriter, arranger, record producer, boxer | years_active = 1939–1992 | label = Chess, Cobra, Columbia, Bluesville, Checker, Verve, MCA, Legacy, Columbia, Yambo | associated_acts = Big Three Trio, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, Lowell Fulson, Sonny Boy Williamson, Chuck Berry, Otis Rush, Buddy Guy, Magic Sam, Junior Wells, Otis Spann | website = {{URL| www.willie-dixon.com }} }}William James Dixon (July 1, 1915{{snd}}January 29, 1992) was an American blues musician, vocalist, songwriter, arranger and record producer.[2] He was proficient in playing both the upright bass and the guitar, and sang with a distinctive voice, but he is perhaps best known as one of the most prolific songwriters of his time. Next to Muddy Waters, Dixon is recognized as the most influential person in shaping the post–World War II sound of the Chicago blues.[2] Dixon's songs have been recorded by countless musicians in many genres as well as by various ensembles in which he participated. A short list of his most famous compositions includes "Hoochie Coochie Man",[3] "I Just Want to Make Love to You",[4] "Little Red Rooster", "My Babe", "Spoonful", and "You Can't Judge a Book by the Cover". These songs were written during the peak years of Chess Records, from 1950 to 1965, and were performed by Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Little Walter, and Bo Diddley; they influenced a generation of musicians worldwide.[5] Dixon was an important link between the blues and rock and roll, working with Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley in the late 1950s. His songs have been covered by some of the most successful musicians of the past sixty years including Bob Dylan and Jimi Hendrix. Jeff Beck, Cream, The Doors, Led Zeppelin, The Rolling Stones and Steppenwolf all featured at least one of his songs on their debut albums, a measure of his influence on rock music. He received a Grammy Award and was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. BiographyEarly lifeDixon was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, on July 1, 1915.[6] He was one of fourteen children.[7] His mother, Daisy, often rhymed things she said, a habit her son imitated. At the age of seven, young Dixon became an admirer of a band that featured pianist Little Brother Montgomery. He sang his first song at Springfield Baptist Church at the age of four[8] Dixon was first introduced to blues when he served time on prison farms in Mississippi as a young teenager. Later in his teens, he learned how to sing harmony from a local carpenter, Theo Phelps, who led a gospel quintet, the Union Jubilee Singers, in which Dixon sang bass; the group regularly performed on the Vicksburg radio station WQBC.[9] He began adapting his poems into songs and even sold some to local music groups. AdulthoodDixon left Mississippi for Chicago in 1936.[7] A man of considerable stature, standing 6 and a half feet tall and weighing over 250 pounds, he took up boxing, at which he was successful, winning the Illinois State Golden Gloves Heavyweight Championship (Novice Division) in 1937.[10] He became a professional boxer and worked briefly as Joe Louis's sparring partner, but after four fights he left boxing in a dispute with his manager over money. Dixon met Leonard Caston at a boxing gym, where they would harmonize at times. Dixon performed in several vocal groups in Chicago, but it was Caston that persuaded him to pursue music seriously.[11] Caston built him his first bass, made of a tin can and one string. Dixon's experience singing bass made the instrument familiar.[8] He also learned to play the guitar. In 1939, Dixon was a founding member of the Five Breezes, with Caston, Joe Bell, Gene Gilmore and Willie Hawthorne. The group blended blues, jazz, and vocal harmonies, in the mode of the Ink Spots. Dixon's progress on the upright bass came to an abrupt halt with the advent of World War II, when he refused induction into military service as a conscientious objector and was imprisoned for ten months.[6] He refused to go to war because he would not fight for a nation in which institutionalized racism and racist laws were prevalent.[12] After the war, he formed a group named the Four Jumps of Jive. He then reunited with Caston, forming the Big Three Trio,[7] which went on to record for Columbia Records. Pinnacle of careerDixon signed with Chess Records as a recording artist, but he began performing less, being more involved with administrative tasks for the label. By 1951, he was a full-time employee at Chess, where he acted as producer, talent scout, session musician and staff songwriter. He was also a producer for the Chess subsidiary Checker Records. His relationship with Chess was sometimes strained, but he stayed with the label from 1948 to the early 1960s. During this time Dixon's output and influence were prodigious. From late 1956 to early 1959, he worked in a similar capacity for Cobra Records, for which he produced early singles for Otis Rush, Magic Sam, and Buddy Guy.[13] He later recorded for Bluesville Records.[14] From the late 1960s until the mid-1970s, Dixon ran his own record label, Yambo Records, and two subsidiary labels, Supreme and Spoonful. He released his 1971 album, Peace?, on Yambo and also singles by McKinley Mitchell, Lucky Peterson and others.[15] Dixon is considered one of the key figures in the creation of Chicago blues. He worked with Chuck Berry, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Otis Rush, Bo Diddley, Joe Louis Walker, Little Walter, Sonny Boy Williamson, Koko Taylor, Little Milton, Eddie Boyd, Jimmy Witherspoon, Lowell Fulson, Willie Mabon, Memphis Slim, Washboard Sam, Jimmy Rogers, Sam Lay and others. In December 1964, the Rolling Stones reached number one on the UK Singles Chart with their cover of Dixon's "Little Red Rooster".[16] In the same year, the group also covered "I Just Want To Make Love To You" on their debut album, The Rolling Stones. Copyright battlesIn his later years, Dixon became a tireless ambassador for the blues and a vocal advocate for its practitioners, founding the Blues Heaven Foundation, which works to preserve the legacy of the blues and to secure copyrights and royalties for blues musicians who were exploited in the past. Speaking with the simple eloquence that was a hallmark of his songs, Dixon claimed, "The blues are the roots and the other musics are the fruits. It's better keeping the roots alive, because it means better fruits from now on. The blues are the roots of all American music. As long as American music survives, so will the blues." In 1977, unhappy with the small royalties paid by Chess's publishing company, Arc Music, Dixon and Muddy Waters sued Arc and, with the proceeds from the settlement, founded their own publishing company, Hoochie Coochie Music.[17] In 1987, Dixon reached an out-of-court settlement with the rock band Led Zeppelin after suing for plagiarism in the band's use of his music in "Bring It On Home" and lyrics from his composition "You Need Love" (1962) in the band's recording of "Whole Lotta Love".[18] Death and legacyDixon's health increasingly deteriorated during the 1970s and the 1980s, primarily as a result of long-term diabetes. Eventually one of his legs was amputated.[6] Dixon was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1980, in the inaugural session of the Blues Foundation's ceremony.[19] In 1989 he received a Grammy Award for his album Hidden Charms.[20] Dixon died of heart failure[21] on January 29, 1992, in Burbank, California,[6] and was buried in Burr Oak Cemetery, in Alsip, Illinois. After his death, his widow, Marie Dixon, took over the Blues Heaven Foundation and moved the headquarters to Chess Records.[22] Dixon was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the category Early Influences (pre-rock) in 1994.[23] On April 28, 2013, both Dixon and his grandson Alex Dixon were inducted into the Chicago Blues Hall of Fame.[24] The actor and comedian Cedric the Entertainer portrayed Dixon in Cadillac Records, a 2008 film based on the early history of Chess Records.[25][26] Tributes
Discography{{See also|List of songs written by Willie Dixon}}Albums
As sidemanIn addition to songwriting, arranging, and producing, Dixon also contributed to recording sessions on double bass.[6] However, as electric bass became dominant in the 1960s, his role as a sideman declined.[6] Albums on which he appears include those with: Chuck Berry
Fleetwood Mac with Otis Spann, Buddy Guy, et al.
References1. ^Acacia Lawn, lot 18, grave 1, Burr Oak Cemetery, Alsip, Illinois. Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons (3rd ed.). 2 (Kindle location 12459). McFarland & Company. Kindle edition. 2. ^Trager, Oliver (2004). Keys to the Rain: The Definitive Bob Dylan Encyclopedia. Billboard Books. pp. 298–299. {{ISBN|0-8230-7974-0}}. 3. ^{{cite book|title=Deep Blues|author=Robert Palmer|authorlink=Robert Palmer (writer)|publisher=Penguin Books|page=98|isbn=978-0-14-006223-6}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Deep Blues|author=Robert Palmer|authorlink=Robert Palmer (writer)|publisher=Penguin Books|page=164|isbn=978-0-14-006223-6}} 5. ^Dicaire, David (1999). Blues Singers: Biographies of 50 Legendary Artists of the Early 20th Century. McFarland. p. 87. {{ISBN|0-7864-0606-2}}. 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|last=Eder |first=Bruce |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/willie-dixon-mn0000959770 |title=Willie Dixon: Biography, Credits, Discography |publisher=AllMusic.com |accessdate=2013-03-13}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Deep Blues|author=Robert Palmer|authorlink=Robert Palmer (writer)|publisher=Penguin Books|page=166|isbn=978-0-14-006223-6}} 8. ^1 Long, Worth (1995). "The Wisdom of the Blues—Defining Blues as the True Facts of Life: AnInterview with Willie Dixon." African American Review 29.2. pp. 207–212. JSTOR. Web. October 2, 2015. 9. ^Dixon, Willie; Snowden, Don (1990). I Am the Blues: The Willie Dixon Story. Boston: Da Capo Press. pp. 25, 34. {{ISBN|0306804158}}, {{ISBN|9780306804151}}. 10. ^Snowden, Don (1997). 11. ^{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p63195|pure_url=yes}}|title=Leonard Caston|last=Eder|first=Bruce|year=2010 |work=Biography of Leonard Caston|publisher=Rovi Corporation|accessdate=May 2, 2010}} 12. ^Baird, Jim (2014). "Book Review: Willie Dixon: Preacher of the Blues." Journal of American Folklore 127: 100–101. ProQuest.Web. October 3, 2015. 13. ^{{cite book | last = Dixon | first = Willie | author2=Snowden, Don | title = I Am the Blues: The Willie Dixon Story | publisher = Da Capo Press | location = Boston | year = 1990 | pages = 103–112 | url = | id = | isbn = 0-306-80415-8}} 14. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.wirz.de/music/blvilfrm.htm| title=Prestige Bluesville Discography| accessdate=2006-11-17| publisher=Wirz.de}} 15. ^{{cite book | last = Dixon | first = Willie | author2=Snowden, Don | title = I Am the Blues: The Willie Dixon Story | publisher = Da Capo Press | location = Boston | year = 1990 | page = 244 | url = | id = | isbn = 0-306-80415-8}} 16. ^{{cite book| first= David| last= Roberts| year= 2006| title= British Hit Singles & Albums| edition= 19th| publisher= Guinness World Records| location= London| page= 458| isbn= 1-904994-10-5}} 17. ^Inaba, Mitsutoshi (2010). Willie Dixon: Preacher of the Blues. Scarecrow Press. p. 67. {{ISBN|0-8108-6993-4}}. 18. ^Inaba, Mitsutoshi (2010). Willie Dixon: Preacher of the Blues. Scarecrow Press. p. 197. {{ISBN|0-8108-6993-4}}. 19. ^"1980 Hall of Fame Inductees {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305080004/http://www.blues.org/halloffame/inductees.php4?YearId=25 |date=March 5, 2007 }}". Blues Foundation. Blues.org. Retrieved February 17, 2008. 20. ^{{cite web| title = Willie Dixon Timeline| url = http://bluesheaven.com/about/the-legend/timeline/| publisher = Blues Heaven Foundation. BluesHeaven.com| location = Chicago| year = 2007| accessdate = 2009-07-18}} 21. ^{{cite web|author=Doc Rock |url=http://thedeadrockstarsclub.com/1992.html |title=Dead Rock Stars Club 1992|publisher=TheDeadRockStarsClub.com |accessdate=2012-01-25}} 22. ^Barretta, Scott (2008). "Voices from Chicago: Jackie Dixon." Living Blues 05: 38–39. ProQuest. Web. October 3, 2015. 23. ^Rule, Sheila (January 20, 1994). "[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F03E1D91430F933A15752C0A962958260 Rock Greats Hail, Hail Their Own at Spirited Hall of Fame Ceremony]". New York Times. Retrieved February 17, 2008. 24. ^"2013 Chicago Blues Hall of Fame". Retrieved June 27, 2014. 25. ^{{cite news|last=Simmons |first=Leslie |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/filmNews/idUSN2235591420080122 |title=Brody, Wright Join Musical Chess Club |agency=Reuters |date= January 22, 2008|accessdate=2012-01-25}} 26. ^{{cite news|last=Mayberry |first=Carly |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/filmNews/idUSN1216708520080212 |title=Alessandro Nivola to Play Blues Mogul in 'Chess' |agency=Reuters |date= February 12, 2008|accessdate=2012-01-25}} 27. ^{{cite web| url =http://www.jazzdisco.org/verve-records/discography-1960/| title = Verve Records Discography: 1960| publisher = Jazzdisco.org| accessdate =January 1, 2010}} 28. ^{{cite book| url =http://www.folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=227| title = Songs of Memphis Slim and "Wee Willie" Dixon| work = | publisher = Folkways Records. Smithsonian Institution. Folkways.si.edu| accessdate =January 1, 2010}} Further reading
External links{{Wikiquote}}
35 : 1915 births|1992 deaths|African-American musicians|American blues guitarists|American male guitarists|American blues singers|American blues singer-songwriters|American conscientious objectors|American double-bassists|Male double-bassists|American music arrangers|Record producers from Illinois|American session musicians|Blues Hall of Fame inductees|Blues musicians from Mississippi|Checker Records artists|Chicago blues musicians|Grammy Award winners|Jive singers|Jump blues musicians|Musicians from Vicksburg, Mississippi|Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees|Songwriters from Mississippi|20th-century American singers|20th-century American businesspeople|20th-century American guitarists|Songwriters from Illinois|Slap bassists (double bass)|Guitarists from Illinois|Guitarists from Mississippi|Songwriters Hall of Fame inductees|Burials at Burr Oak Cemetery|20th-century double-bassists|20th-century male musicians|Male jazz musicians |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。