| 词条 | Willie Person Mangum |
| 释义 |
|name = Willie Mangum |image = Willie Mangum.jpg |office = President pro tempore of the United States Senate |term_start = May 31, 1842 |term_end = March 3, 1845 |predecessor = Samuel L. Southard |successor = Ambrose Hundley Sevier |jr/sr1 = United States Senator |state1 = North Carolina |term_start1 = November 25, 1840 |term_end1 = March 3, 1853 |predecessor1 = Bedford Brown |successor1 = David Reid |term_start2 = March 4, 1831 |term_end2 = November 26, 1836 |predecessor2 = James Iredell Jr. |successor2 = Robert Strange |state3 = North Carolina |district3 = {{ushr|NC|8|8th}} |term_start3 = March 4, 1823 |term_end3 = March 18, 1826 |predecessor3 = Josiah Crudup |successor3 = Daniel Barringer |birth_date = {{birth date|1792|5|10}} |birth_place = Orange County, North Carolina, U.S. {{small|(now Durham County)}} |death_date = {{death date and age|1861|9|7|1792|5|10}} |death_place = Durham County, North Carolina, U.S. |party = Democratic {{small|(Before 1834)}} Whig {{small|(1834–1852)}} American {{small|(1856–1861)}} |spouse = Charity Cain |children = 5 |education = University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill {{small|(BA)}} }}Willie Person Mangum (pronounced Wylie Parson;[1] May 10, 1792{{spaced ndash}}September 7, 1861) was a U.S. Senator from the state of North Carolina between 1831 and 1836 and between 1840 and 1853. He was one of the founders and leading members of the Whig party, and was a candidate for president in 1836 as part of the unsuccessful Whig strategy to defeat Martin Van Buren by running four candidates with local appeal in different regions of the country. He is, as of 2018, the only major-party presidential nominee to have been a North Carolinian at the time of his nomination.[2] Early life and educationMangum was born in Durham County, North Carolina (then part of Orange County), to a family of the planter class. He was the son of Catherine (Davis) and William Person Mangum.[3] In his youth, he attended the respected private school in Raleigh run by John Chavis, a free black. They remained friends for years and had a long correspondence. He graduated from the University of North Carolina in 1815. CareerMangum began a law practice and entered politics. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1823 to 1826. After an interlude as a superior court judge, he was elected by the legislature as a Democrat to the Senate from North Carolina in 1830. Mangum's stay in the Democratic Party was short. He opposed President Andrew Jackson on most of the major issues of the day, including the protective tariff, nullification, and the Bank of the United States. In 1834, Mangum openly declared himself to be a "Whig", and two years later, he resigned his Senate seat. Due to a lack of organizational cohesion in the new Whig Party during the 1836 election, the Whigs put forward four presidential candidates: Daniel Webster in Massachusetts, William Henry Harrison in the remaining Northern and Border States, Hugh White in the middle and lower South, and Mangum in South Carolina. Some optimistic Whigs foresaw the nomination of several candidates resulting in denying a majority of electoral votes to any one candidate and throwing the election into the House of Representatives, much like what occurred in 1824, where Whig representatives could then coalesce around a single candidate. This possibility, however, did not come to fruition and Democratic candidate Martin Van Buren won the election with an outright majority of electoral votes. The legislature of South Carolina (which chose their electors until 1865) gave Mangum its 11 electoral votes. After a four-year absence, Mangum served two more terms in the Senate, where he was an important ally of Henry Clay. In 1842, he succeeded Samuel L. Southard as president pro tempore of the Senate, during a vice presidential vacancy. Upon assuming office on May 23, he also became next in succession to the presidency, and remained so until the swearing in of George M. Dallas on March 4, 1845, a period which included President John Tyler's narrow escape from death in the USS Princeton disaster of 1844. In 1852, he refused an offer to be a candidate for vice president on the Whig national ticket; fellow North Carolinian William Alexander Graham was nominated instead. Realizing that he had little chance of being re-elected as the Whig Party broke up following the 1852 elections, Mangum retired in 1853 at the end of his second term. In 1856 he, like many ex-Whigs, joined the nativist American Party, but a stroke soon afterward ended his political career. Mangum died at his family estate in Red Mountain, an unincorporated area of Durham County, on September 7, 1861. He was buried in the family cemetery on his estate. Marriage and familyMangum married Charity Alston Cain in 1819. They had five children. Their only son died in July 1861 at the First Battle of Bull Run, a month before his father. His plantation was known as Walnut Hall.[4] A 1931 biography of John Chavis noted that Mangum had allowed his former teacher to be buried on his land.[5] The gravesite was found in 1988 by the John Chavis Historical Society, and is now marked as the "Old Cemetery" on maps of Hill Forest. References1. ^{{cite book |last= Thompson |first= Joseph Conan |date= 1995 |title= Willie Person Mangum: Politica and Pragmatism in the Age of Jackson |url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00003610/00001/10j |publisher= University of Florida, George A. Smathers Library |page= 1 |accessdate= September 14, 2014}} 2. ^Which States Do Presidents Come From? (Not Minnesota, Yet) 3. ^http://ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00003610/00001 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.opendurham.org/buildings/walnut-hall-willie-p-mangum-house |title= Willie P. Mangum House |website= Open Durham |accessdate= November 6, 2014}} 5. ^Shaw, G. C. John Chavis, 1763-1838, Binghamton, New York: The Vail-Ballou Press, 1931 External links{{CongBio|M000096}}
Further reading
| state=North Carolina | district=8 | before=Josiah Crudup | years=1823–1826 | after=Daniel L. Barringer }}{{s-par|us-sen}}{{U.S. Senator box| state=North Carolina| class=3| before=James Iredell, Jr.| after=Robert Strange | alongside=Bedford Brown| years=1831–1836}}{{U.S. Senator box| state=North Carolina| class=2| before=Bedford Brown| after=David S. Reid| alongside=William A. Graham, William H. Haywood, Jr., George E. Badger| years=1840–1853}}{{succession box| title=President pro tempore of the United States Senate| before=Samuel L. Southard| years=May 31, 1842 – March 3, 1845| after=Ambrose Hundley Sevier| }}{{s-end}}{{USSenNC}}{{SenArmedServiceCommitteeChairs}}{{USSenPresProTemp}}{{USWhigPresNominees}}{{US Senate Deans}}{{United States presidential election, 1836}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mangum, Willie Person}} 22 : 1792 births|1861 deaths|Members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina|United States Senators from North Carolina|North Carolina state court judges|North Carolina lawyers|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni|Whig Party (United States) presidential nominees|1836 United States presidential candidates|North Carolina Democrats|North Carolina Whigs|North Carolina National Republicans|North Carolina Jacksonians|Whig Party United States Senators|Democratic Party United States Senators|North Carolina Know Nothings|Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives|North Carolina Democratic-Republicans|Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives|Jacksonian members of the United States House of Representatives|19th-century American politicians|Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate |
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