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词条 Chancellor (Russia)
释义

  1. Overview

  2. Chancellors of the Russian Empire

  3. See also

  4. References

Chancellor of the Russian Empire ({{lang-ru|канцлер Российской империи}}) was a civil position (class) in the Russian Empire, according to the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722. Chancellor was a civil rank of the 1st class and equal to those of Active Privy Councillor, 1st class, General Field Marshal in the Army, and General Admiral in the Navy.[1][2][3] The rank holder should be addressed as Your High Excellency ({{lang-ru|Ваше Высокопревосходительство}}, Vashe Vysokoprevoskhoditelstvo).[4]

Overview

Chancellors held the most senior positions in the Russian Empire. Usually, this title was assigned to the Foreign Ministers. If the Minister had the rank of the 2nd class, he could be called Vice-Chancellor. In the entire history of the Russian Empire, there were only 12 Chancellors, fewer than reigning monarchs. As a general rule, except for the period of the Napoleonic Wars, there could be only one Chancellor at any given time. It might take as long as 10 years to appoint a new Chancellor when the previous one died. Therefore, other officers of the 1st class were Active privy councillors, 1st class.

After the appointment of Alexander Gorchakov, no more Chancellors were appointed for the last 50 years of the Russian Empire, even though the rank was not officially canceled. For the last 35 years, since the death of Gorchakov, the Russian Empire still appointed no Chancellors. The rank was abolished in 1917 by the Soviet decree on estates and civil ranks.

Chancellors of the Russian Empire

  1. 1699 – Count Fyodor Alexeyevich Golovin (1650-1706).
  2. 1709 – Count Gavriil Ivanovich Golovkin (1660-1734).
  3. 1740 – Prince Alexey Cherkassky (1680-1742).
  4. 1744 – Count Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin (1693-1766), in 1758 deprived of the rank of Chancellor, in 1762 received the rank of Field Marshal.
  5. 1758 – Count Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov (1714-1767).
  6. 1796 – Count Ivan Andreyevich Osterman (1725-1811).
  7. 1797 – Prince Alexander Bezborodko (1747-1799).
  8. 1802 – Count Alexander Vorontsov (1741-1805).
  9. 1809 – Count Nikolay Rumyantsev (1754-1826).
  10. 1834 – Prince Viktor Kochubey (1768-1834).
  11. 1845 – Count Karl Nesselrode (1780-1862).
  12. 1867 – Prince Alexander Gorchakov (1798-1883).

See also

  • Chancellor of Austria
  • Chancellor of Germany
  • Chancellor of Poland
  • List of Chancellors of Germany
  • Lord Chancellor

References

1. ^{{cite web|last1=Segrillo|first1=Angelo|title=A First Complete Translation into English of Peter the Great’s Original Table of Ranks: Observations on the Occurrence of a Black Hole in the Translation of Russian Historical Documents|url=http://lea.vitis.uspnet.usp.br/arquivos/arttableofrankslea.pdf|publisher=lea.vitis.uspnet.usp.br|date=November 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Table of Ranks|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/nobles-table-of-ranks.htm|website=Global Security|publisher=globalsecurity.org|accessdate=27 December 2016}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Peter the Great's Table of Ranks|url=http://faculty.virginia.edu/herman/tolstoy/tableofranks.htm|website=The University of Virginia|publisher=faculty.virginia.edu|accessdate=27 December 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Табель о рангах, Действителен в период с конца XIX века по 1917 год|url=http://www.akunin.ru/istoria/tabel/|website=Boris Akunin|publisher=akunin.ru|accessdate=27 December 2016|language=Russian}}
Junior rank
Active Privy Councillor		Table of Ranks
Active Privy Councillor, 1st class
Chancellor		Senior rank
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2 : Titles in Russia|Chancellors of the Russian Empire
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