| 词条 | Chapiquiña Power Plant |
| 释义 |
| name = Chapiquiña Power Plant | name_official = Central Hidroeléctrica Chapiquiña | image = File:Arica-y-parinacota.svg | image_size = 250 | image_caption = Scheme of the rivers in Arica y Parinacota, with Canal Lauca highlighted; the plant lies at the south-west end of the canal | image_alt = | location_map = Yes | location_map_zoom = 7 | coordinates = {{Coord|18|22|22.8|S|69|33|18|W|region:CL_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} | country = Chile | location = Arica y Parinacota Region | status = Active | construction_began = 1962 | commissioned = 1967 | decommissioned = | cost = | owner = E-CL | operator = | ps_units_operational = 2 | ps_units_manu_model = | ps_units_uc = | ps_units_planned = | ps_units_cancelled = | ps_units_decommissioned= | ps_thermal_capacity = | ps_heating_capacity = | ps_electrical_capacity = 10.2 | ps_electrical_cap_fac = | ps_storage_hours = | ps_annual_generation = 44 | website = | extra = }} Chapiquiña power plant is a hydroelectric power plant in northern Chile. It takes water from the Canal Lauca and produces electrical power through a Pelton turbine. Structure{{external media| float = right | width = 230px | topic = Chapiquiña power plant | image1 = 1969 photo of the power plant }} It lies {{convert|120|km}} east of Arica,[1] in the Putre commune of the Arica y Parinacota Region.[3] The plant lies at an elevation of {{convert|3300|m}};[1] the town of Chapiquiña lies south of the plant.[5] The name Chapiquiña is derived from Aymara {{lang|ay|ch`apikiña}} and means "bed of thorns".[1] Water is carried by the {{convert|28|km}} long Canal Lauca to the plant[1] and drops over a distance of {{convert|1,008|m}}{{sfn|Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles|2016|p=7}} to produce electrical power through two 5.1 megawatt Pelton turbines. The water is held in a reservoir after exiting the plant before being discharged[1] into the Quebrada Cosapilla; from there it flows into the Rio Seco and eventually into the San José River.{{sfn|del Canto|1997|p=23}} The maximum flow capacity of the plant is {{convert|137|m3/s}}{{sfn|Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles|2016|p=7}} while the capacity of the feeder Canal Lauca is only {{convert|2,750|l/s}} and a more typical flow rate is {{convert|670|l/s}};{{sfn|Jeria|2003|p=29}} most of the water in the San José River comes from the Chapiquiña power plant.{{sfn|del Canto|1997|p=23}} There is also a rain gauging station at Chapiquiña.{{sfn|del Canto|1997|p=11}} OperationChapiquiña produces about 10.2 megawatt of power{{Efn|Such high power production is only possible with a minimum flow of {{convert|1.2|m3/s}} and thus does not occur during low flow periods.{{sfn|Jeria|2003|p=30}}}} which is injected into the Sistema Interconectado del Norte Grande, the regional power grid,[1] through the Águila substation farther west.{{sfn|Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles|2016|p=13}} In 2013 the plant generated almost 44 GWh. It operates mainly when power consumption is high{{sfn|Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles|2016|p=8}} and is one of the few hydroelectric power plants in northern Chile.[5] Aside from producing electrical power, the water discharged into the San Jose River is intercepted downriver and used to irrigate the Azapa Valley;{{sfn|del Canto|1997|p=24}} the reservoir downstream of the turbines serves to secure water delivery even when water is low in the Canal Lauca.[1] HistoryStudies on the possibility to use the Lauca River as a water source for the Azapa Valley were made after 1945;{{sfn|Jeria|2003|p=27}} during planning of the diversion the idea rose to use the drop at Chapiquiña for hydropower generation.{{sfn|Jeria|2003|p=29}} Construction of the plant was started by the company ENDESA in 1962 and operations commenced in March[13] 1967.[1]{{sfn|Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles|2016|p=7}} Until 2017, it was the largest public work project in the Arica y Parinacota Region;[15] the construction of the power plant was part of a series of public work projects in the 1960s-1970s in the Arica region.[16] The plant underwent a number of ownership changes after it was built;[13] it is currently owned by the company E-CL.{{sfn|Superintendencia de Electricidad y Combustibles|2016|p=7}} It was also planned to augment the water supply to the plant by pumping water from Lake Chungara, but in 1985 the Supreme Court of Chile disallowed such pumping for environmental reasons as Lake Chungara is located in the Lauca National Park.[18] In 2012, the Spanish ambassador Iñigo de Palacio visited the plant;[3] in the same year quenoa woodlands began to be planted in initially about {{convert|2|ha}} land owned by the plant as a conservation measure. Such trees provide nesting sites for birds and regulate the local water balance.[1] Notes{{Notelist}}References1. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Quiroz Thompson|first1=Diego|last2=Díaz Araya|first2=Alberto|last3=Galdames Rosas|first3=Luis|last4=Ruz Zagal|first4=Rodrigo|title=Campesinos andinos y políticas agrarias durante la Junta de Adelanto de Arica (Azapa, Lluta y la precordillera, 1959-1976)|journal=Idesia (Arica)|date=2011|volume=29|issue=2|pages=157–168|doi=10.4067/S0718-34292011000200021|url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-34292011000200021|issn=0718-3429}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]2. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Chapiquiña|url=http://www.estrellaarica.cl/prontus4_nots/site/artic/20110205/pags/20110205000008.html|accessdate=3 November 2018|work=La Estrella de Arica|date=5 February 2011|language=es}} 3. ^1 {{cite news|title=Comienza a operar el mayor paso fronterizo integrado con Bolivia|url=http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=393143|accessdate=3 November 2018|work=Economía y Negocios|date=30 August 2017|language=es}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Peters|p=2|first1=Ricardo|title=Información de parámetros de las Unidades Charmilles de Central Hidroeléctrica Chapiquiña según Anexo Técnico “Determinación de Parámetros para los Procesos de Partida y Detención de Unidades Generadoras”|url=http://cdec2.cdec-sing.cl/pls/portal/cdec.pck_web_cont_normativa.baja_inf_file_at?p_correl_dat_file=323&p_tipo_file=application/pdf|website=Coordinador Eléctrico Nacional - SING|accessdate=3 November 2018|language=es|date=2016}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Yunge|first1=José Manuel Borquez|title=Introducción al derecho ambiental chileno y comparado|date=1993|publisher=Editorial Jurídica de Chile|isbn=9789561010093|pages=15-16|language=es}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite press release|date=16 March 2012|title=Embajador de España visitó generadora hidroeléctrica Chapiquiña en región de Arica y Parinacota|trans-title=Spanish ambassador visited the Chapiquiña hydroelectric plant in the Arica y Parinacota Region|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/2012/03/16/embajador-de-espana-visito-generadora-hidroelectrica-chapiquina-en-region-de-arica-y-parinacota.shtml|language=es|work=BioBioChile|access-date=2018-11-03}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news|title=Central Hidroeléctrica en Arica genera 10,2 MW de potencia directa para el SING|url=http://www.mch.cl/2012/07/05/chapiquina-genera-102-mw-de-potencia-directa-para-el-sing/|agency=ELECTRICIDAD|accessdate=3 November 2018|work=Míneria Chilena|date=5 June 2012|language=es}} }} Sources{{refbegin}}
2 : Hydroelectric power stations in Chile|Arica y Parinacota Region |
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