| 词条 | Charles Chapman (swimmer) |
| 释义 |
Charles "Charlie the Tuna" Chapman, of Buffalo, New York, was an African-American distance swimmer specializing in the butterfly stroke. In 1981, he became the first black swimmer to cross the English Channel.[1] In 1988, he earned a world record by circumnavigating the island of Manhattan, 28.5 miles, in 9 hours, 25 minutes and 8 seconds.[2] The previous year, L.A. Dodgers vice president Al Campanis had stated that blacks couldn't swim because their bones were too heavy; Chapman, in response, said, "I'm like Jackie Robinson paving the way, except I'll be wearing a little bathing suit",[3] and ""Silly stuff like that, some people believe. Hell, you watch me swim around Manhattan".[4] He went on to complete butterfly-only swims from Alcatraz to Aquatic Park in San Francisco, around Alcatraz Island, and, in 1997, completed the Manhattan Island Marathon Swim.[5] In 1993, Chapman was sentenced to two years and nine months in federal prison, the minimum under sentencing guidelines, for his part in conspiracy to sell five ounces of cocaine.[6] See alsoList of successful English Channel swimmersNotes{{Empty section|date=September 2018}}References1. ^{{cite web|title=Twenty One Historic Black "Firsts" In Swimming History – Questions and answers|url=http://www.ishof.org/black-history.html|website=International Swimming Hall of Fame|accessdate=25 July 2017}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=Buffalo's Own Charlie "The Tuna" Chapman Marks 34th Anniversary of Historic English Channel Swim|url=http://www.thechallengernews.com/sports/2015/9/challenger-community-newsports|accessdate=25 July 2017|work=Challenger Community News|date=September 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Charles "Tuna" Chapman|url=http://www.ishof.org/black_history/charles_chapman.htm|website=International Swimming Hall of Fame|accessdate=25 July 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123230646/http://www.ishof.org/black_history/charles_chapman.htm|archivedate=23 November 2010|df=}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Silverman|first1=Joel|title=BLACK MARATHONER PLANS TO MAKE HISTORY IN MANHATTAN RACE|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1988/08/27/black-marathoner-plans-to-make-history-in-manhattan-race/2f738aa3-f744-4253-ab50-b805e0f80d46/|accessdate=25 July 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=27 August 1988}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Ortiz|first1=Jorge L.|title=The Tuna returning to The Rock|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/The-Tuna-returning-to-The-Rock-3102384.php|work=SF Gate|date=5 September 1997}} 6. ^{{cite news|last1=Herbeck|first1=Dan|title="Charlie the Tuna" Draws Prison Term|url=http://buffalonews.com/1993/09/10/charlie-the-tuna-draws-prison-term/|accessdate=25 July 2017|work=The Buffalo News|date=10 September 1993}} External links
4 : American swimmers|Open water swimming|Butterfly stroke|Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York |
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