1. Biography

2. Works

3. Notable achievements

4. References

Biography

Charlie Sivuarapik was born in approximately 1911 in northern Quebec, Canada. When he was about 40, he moved to a village that was being newly settled by the Hudson Bay Company named Puvirnituq (population: 1692 as of the 2011 census). Sivuarapik was ill with tuberculosis for much of his life, which prevented him from participating in the traditional male role of hunting in his community. In efforts to support his family economically, he turned to stone carving.

Charlie's career was first influenced by James Houston who visited Puvirnituq in 1948 and 1950 to encourage many in the area to begin carving as a means of livelihood.^[2] Peter Murdoch, the founder of the Federation des cooperatives du Nouveau-Quebec and the co-manager of the Hudson's Bay Company, and Father Andre Steinmann, patron of the Puvirnituq Sculptors Society, were also early mentors of Sivuarapik's.^[3] They taught him how to evaluate and price Inuit artwork by promoting an environment of shared critiques among the artists of the Cooperative, pushing them to strive for better quality carvings.^[4]

Sivuarapik studied his own anatomy to obtain a more precise understanding of proportion and shape.^[5] He first worked with ivory mainly depicting otters, but transitioned to stone human figures with realistic, expressive facial features captured mid-activity after 1953. His carvings grew in size from small, hand held objects to larger pieces of stone, and he often used secondary materials to distinguish hunting objects, such as knives and spears. By 1955, Charlie's sculpture was more dynamic through the complex use of negative space, and his unique portrayal of mythological scenes in a realistic manner.^[6] Charlie was also versed in the European style of printmaking.^[7] Sivuarapik's excellence at carving allowed him to found the Carvers Association of Puvirnituq, today the Cooperative Association of Puvirnituq, a part of the Federation of Cooperatives of Northern Quebec.

Sivuarapik's success earned him a feature in the 'Beaver' magazine in 1956 written by Peter Murdoch. He was also the subject of Richard Harrington's photo essay published in the 1959 Canadian Geographical Journal.^[8] Charlie accompanied Father Steinmann to Cleveland, New York in 1958 to gain revenue for the Cooperative, successfully returning with $3000 of prepaid orders.^[9] While there, he was featured on the Dave Garroway Show.^[10] The pair also travelled to Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal and Pittsburgh. This trip allowed the revenue for the Povirnituq Cooperative Society to increase from 1968 ($250,000) to 1969 (over $500,000).^[11]

Sivuarapik's work is greatly admired because of his use of sulijuk, which is a Nunavamiut term for completeness.^[12] Popular Inuit arts academic George Swinton has referred to Sivuarapik as, "the most significant influence in the development of Pov naturalism,^[13]" based on Swinton's personal experiences with the artist when he travelled north with the Hudson Bay Company in 1957. Although many of Sivuarapik's works are in museum collections, sculptures for private sale are often available.^[14]

Works

• Charlie Sivuarapik, Man Carrying a Caribou, c. 1954, stone, bone, sinew, 17.8 x 15.2 x 21.1, Winnipeg Art Gallery, Manitoba, Canada.^[15]
• [https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artwork/lapland-longspur Charlie Sivuarapik, Lapland Longspur, c. 1950, black stone, 6.8 x 11.4 x 4.7 cm, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.]^[16]
• [https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artwork/snow-bunting Charlie Sivuarapik, Snow Bunting, c. 1955, grey stone, 6.7 x 5.8 x 13.4 cm, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.]^[17]
• [https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/charlie-sivuarapik-1911-1968-e9-1460-57-c-b8ac4398ed Charlie Sivuarapik, Povungnituk Fish, c. 1967, stone, 7.6 x 25.4 x 11.4 cm, private collection.]^[18]
• [https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/charlie-sivuarapik-1911-1968-e9-1460-163-c-5d5d4da4c0 Charlie Sivuarapik, Povungnituk Otter in Trap, c. 1960, stone, 5.1 x 3.2 x 8.9 cm, private collection.]^[19]
• [https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/attributed-to-charlie-sivuarapik-1911-1968-217-c-59547f081a Charlie Sivuarapik, Hunter and Polar Bear, c. 1960, black mottled stone, ivory, and sinew, 26 x 13 x 5 c, private collection.]^[20]

Notable achievements

• First Inuk member of the Sculptors Society of Canada
• Founding member and first president (1958-1967) of the Povungnituk Co-operative Society
• Works included in prominent Canadian collections such as: The National Gallery of Canada, Winnipeg Art Gallery, and the Canadian Museum of History

References

• Campbell Barracks (Western Australia)
• Campbell Bascom Slemp
• Campbell Bay National Park
• Campbell, Ben
• Campbell Berry
• Campbell bros
• Campbell Brown (footballer)
• Campbell B. Slemp
• Campbell (CA)
• Campbell, Canberra
• Campbell Cantrill
• Campbell case
• Campbell Case
• Campbell Center
• Campbell Center for Historic Preservation Studies
• Campbell-Christie House
• Campbell College, Belfast
• Campbell collegiate
• Campbell Collegiate
• Campbell Conference (science fiction)
• Campbell Cooley
• Campbell County Airport
• Campbell County High School
• Campbell County High School shooting
• Campbell County Schools