“Charlotte Seymour, Duchess of Somerset”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Charlotte Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (c.1693 – 21 January 1773), formerly Lady Charlotte Finch, was the second wife of Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset. Lady Charlotte was the first of twenty-one 'ladies of quality and distinction'^[1]^[2] who signed Thomas Coram's first petition, presented to King George II in 1735, calling for the establishment of the Foundling Hospital.

Biography

Lady Charlotte was a daughter of Daniel Finch, 7th Earl of Winchilsea and 2nd Earl of Nottingham, by his second wife, the former Anne Hatton. She married the Duke of Somerset on 4 February 1726, and the marriage was not a happy one. He was known as "The Proud Duke",^[1] and is said to have reproached her, after she had gently tapped him on the shoulder with her fan, with the words: "Madam, my first wife was a Percy and she never took such a liberty".^[2] The duke had for some years been corresponding with Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, now widowed, and continued to write to her after remarrying.^[1]

Age controversy

Burke's Peerage lists Lady Charlotte's year of birth as 1711, making her just 14 years old when she married the 63 year old Duke.^[3] However, correspondence between one of her descendants and the curator of the Foundling Museum's 2018 exhibition, "Ladies of Quality & Distinction",^[4] cites the family bible, which gives her year of birth as 1693.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} This is also the birth year engraved on her grave stone.

Family

Seymour already had children from his marriage to Lady Elizabeth Percy, who died in 1722. By Charlotte he had two further children:

The duke was a strict father, and required Lady Frances and Lady Charlotte to stand and watch him taking his afternoon nap. If he woke and found that one of them was not paying attention, he threatened to disinherit her.

Copies of letters sent by Charlotte to her father are held in the National Archives. In Eliza Haywood's 1726 satire, The Secret History of the Present Intrigues of the Court of Carimania, the duchess is referred to under the pseudonym of "Euridice", while the duke was "Doraspe".

The Foundling Hospital

In his efforts to establish the first Foundling Hospital, Thomas Coram approached ladies of nobility to support his petition to King George II. Lady Charlotte, Duchess of Somerset, was his first signatory, signing the petition on 9 March 1729 at Petworth.^[1] It is not known how Coram was introduced to Lady Charlotte, although Ruth K. McClure in her book 'Coram's Children, The London Foundling Hospital In The Eighteenth Century^[5]' suggests that it may have been through Henry Newman, secretary of the SPCK of which Coram was also a member, who had previously spent five years in the service of the Duke of Somerset. In his notebooks, Coram noted the date on which each of the lady petitioners signed in a list captioned 'An Exact Account when each Lady of Charity Signed their Declaration'.^[6]

References

1. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/petworth-house-and-park/features/the-love-letters-of-the-6th-duke-of-somerset|title=The love letters of the 6th Duke of Somerset|website=National Trust|access-date=9 September 2018}}
2. ^{{cite book|author=Edmund Lodge|title=Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain ... with Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Their Lives and Actions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jL85AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA24|year=1835|publisher=Harding and Lepard|pages=4}}
3. ^¹Mosley, Charles, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. Page 3680.
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://foundlingmuseum.org.uk/events/ladies-of-quality-distinction|title=Ladies of Quality and Distinction|website=Foundling Museum|access-date=17 November 2018}}
5. ^¹{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6707267|title=Coram's children : the London Foundling Hospital in the eighteenth century|last=1916-|first=McClure, Ruth K.,|date=1981|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0300024657|location=New Haven|oclc=6707267}}
6. ^¹²Thomas Coram pocket book, Foundling Hospital Archive: The papers of the Foundling Hospital from 1731 to the late twentieth century at the London Metropolitan Archives, volume 98.