“Cheese and crackers”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Cheese and crackers is a common dish consisting of crackers paired with various or multiple cheeses. It is also known as cheese and biscuits outside the United States and Canada.^[1] Historically the fare of sailors, soldiers, and pioneers, it had become a regular menu item in American restaurants and bars by the 1850s. It is prepared using various types of cheeses, and is often paired with wine. Mass-produced cheese and crackers brands include Handi-Snacks, Ritz, Jatz and Lunchables.

Overview

Cheese and crackers is a common snack food or hors d'oeuvre consisting of crackers paired with various cheeses.^[3] In the United States it has also been served as a dessert, with the addition of ingredients such as jam, jelly, marmalade or preserves. It is also commonly served at parties in the U.S., and in the Southern United States, it is relatively common for hot chili pepper jelly to be served atop cream cheese and crackers at cocktail parties.^[5]^[6]^[7] Cheese and crackers has a relatively high amount of protein, per the cheese as an ingredient.^[8]

Cheese and crackers is a common food-pairing that can serve to complement various cheeses, and the dish can be paired with wines.^[9]^[10] The cheese can be sliced or cubed, and served separately with crackers or pre-placed atop the crackers.^[6]

History

Cheese and crackers has been consumed by various sailors such as immigrants, whalers and explorers before refrigeration existed, using hardtack crackers and cheese.^[7] It has also been consumed by various land explorers.^[7]

United States

Cheese and crackers increased in popularity circa the 1850s, when bakers began producing thinner crackers with a lighter texture compared to hard tack.^[7] During this time period, the combination was placed on restaurant menus as an after-dessert course and was also served in saloons.^[7] Cheese and crackers was a food ration used by soldiers during the American Civil War (1861–1865).^[7] Some soldiers at the time referred to cheese and crackers as a "square meal".^[7]^[18]^[19] Cheese and hardtack was consumed along with dried venison meat by Ezra Meeker during his time on the Oregon Trail in 1852.^[7] In 1915, mountaineer Philip Rogers consumed cheese and hardtack along with raisins and nuts during his expedition around Mount Rainier in Washington state.^[7]

By the beginning of the 20th century, cheese and crackers was being prepared in homes and cooked by baking it and adding additional ingredients after cooking, such as paprika and mustard. At this time, the combination was sometimes served with soups and salads, and was used on salads for decades thereafter.^[7] It was also commonly served at parties beginning around this time.^[7] It was consumed as a dessert, rather than after-dessert by some during the Great Depression in the United States, and was sometimes consumed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt in the White House for dessert, along with other foods.^[7]

Beginning in the 1950s, cheese and crackers was recommended as a snack for children by parenting experts, home economists and authors of cookbooks.^[7] Consumption of the snack increased during the mid-1980s when Oscar Mayer introduced its Lunchables product, which included cheese, crackers and lunch meat, and occurred in part to boost the company's lunch meat sales.^[7]

Mass production

In language

The term "cheese and crackers" was used as a minced oath in the United States in the 1920s (from "Jesus Christ!"), and as a slang term for testicles in the United Kingdom circa the late 1990s.^[30]^[31] It was the catchphrase of the burlesque comic Billy Hagan.^[1]

See also

References

1. ^{{citation |pages=469-470 |title=Billy "Cheese and Crackers" Hagan |work=Vaudeville Old & New: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America |volume=Vol 1. |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780415938532}}
2. ^¹{{cite web | last=Purvis | first=Jaime | title=9 Nostalgic '90s Snacks We Want in Our Lunch Now | website=KIVI | date=July 7, 2016 | url=http://www.kivitv.com/news/9-nostalgic-90s-snacks-we-want-in-our-lunch-now | language=rw | access-date=July 10, 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
3. ^¹{{cite book | last=Kennedy | first=K. | title=The Art and Craft of Entertaining | publisher=Atria Books | year=2010 | isbn=978-1-4516-1260-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqIvGf3jRHoC&pg=PT228 | access-date=July 10, 2017 | page=228}}
4. ^¹{{cite book | last=Donnelly | first=C. | last2=Kehler | first2=M. | title=The Oxford Companion to Cheese | publisher=Oxford University Press | series=Oxford Companions | year=2016 | isbn=978-0-19-933088-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qRg1DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA136 | access-date=July 10, 2017 | page=136}}
5. ^¹{{cite book | last=Dalzell | first=T. | last2=Victor | first2=T. | title=The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English | publisher=Taylor & Francis | series=EBL-Schweitzer | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-317-62512-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0mcBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA155 | access-date=July 10, 2017 | page=155}}
6. ^¹{{cite book | last=Neal | first=B. | title=Bill Neal's Southern Cooking | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-8078-8958-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XRPAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA146 | access-date=July 10, 2017 | page=146}}
7. ^¹{{cite book | title=Prepared Foods | publisher=Gorman Publishing Company | issue=v. 157, nos. 1–6 | year=1988 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cr8gAQAAMAAJ | access-date=July 10, 2017 | page=133}}
8. ^¹{{cite book | last=Hammond | first=A. | last2=Hamer | first2=A. | last3=Green | first3=C. | last4=Scott | first4=D.L. | last5=Pattison | first5=D. | last6=Bird | first6=H. | last7=Hurley | first7=M. | title=Arthritis Your Questions Answered | publisher=DK Publishing | series=Q & A (DK Publishing, Inc.) | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-7566-5700-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kKeOUFAhvMC&pg=PA147 | access-date=July 10, 2017 | page=147}}
9. ^¹²{{cite web | last=Crosby | first=Carlynn | title=Five ideas for party foods to bring to your potluck | website=Tampa Bay Times | date=June 27, 2017 | url=http://www.tampabay.com/things-to-do/food/cooking/five-ideas-for-party-foods-to-bring-to-your-potluck/2328462 | access-date=July 10, 2017}}
10. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹¹⁰¹¹¹²¹³¹⁴¹⁵{{cite web | last=Carroll | first=Abigail | title=Cheese and crackers: a meal for the ages | website=Boston Globe | date=September 13, 2014 | url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2014/09/13/cheese-and-crackers-meal-for-ages/av1K91Kxd8dbUPKBzRcItM/story.html | access-date=July 10, 2017}}
11. ^¹{{cite book | last=Dalzell | first=T. | title=The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English | publisher=Routledge | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-415-37182-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5F-YNZRv-VMC&pg=PA185 | access-date=July 10, 2017 | page=185}}
12. ^¹{{cite web | last=Harris | first=Jenn | title=How to make your own next-level cheese and crackers | website=Los Angeles Times | date=June 23, 2016 | url=http://www.latimes.com/food/dailydish/la-dd-seeded-crackers-recipe-leona-2016-618-snap-story.html | access-date=July 10, 2017}}
13. ^¹{{cite book | last=Mowry | first=W.A. | title=Camp Life in the Civil War, Eleventh R.I. Infantry | publisher= | year=1914 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bt8fXpfAnhwC&pg=PA65 | access-date=August 9, 2017 | page=65}}
14. ^¹{{cite book | title=The United States Army and Navy Journal and Gazette of the Regular and Volunteer Forces | publisher=Army and Navy Journal Incorporated | issue=v. 13 | year=1876 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2io_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA26 | access-date=August 9, 2017 | page=26}}
15. ^¹{{cite web | last=Naylor | first=Tony | title=How to eat: cheese and biscuits | website=The Guardian | date=June 27, 2012 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2012/jun/27/how-eat-cheese-and-biscuits | access-date=August 14, 2017}}