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词条 1994 Group
释义

  1. Role

  2. Members at time of dissolution

  3. Historical membership

  4. 1994 Group position in league tables

  5. Governance and management structure

  6. Policy Groups

  7. Unions 94

  8. See also

  9. References

{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}{{Infobox organization
|name = 1994 Group
|image = 1994 Group.svg
|caption =
|formation = 1994
|extinction = 2013
|type = Association of UK universities
|headquarters =
|location = United Kingdom
|membership = 11
|leader_title = Chair of the Board
|leader_name = Professor Michael Farthing
|key_people = Executive Director:
Alex Bols
|website = http://www.1994group.ac.uk/
}}

The 1994 Group was a coalition of smaller research-intensive universities in the United Kingdom, founded in 1994 to defend these universities' interests following the creation of the Russell Group by larger research-intensive universities earlier that year.

The 1994 Group originally represented seventeen universities, rising to nineteen, and then dropping to eleven. The Group started to falter in 2012, when a number of high performing members left to join the Russell Group.[1] The 1994 Group ultimately dissolved in November 2013.[2][3]

Role

The group sought "to represent the views of its members on the current state and the future of higher education through discussions with the government, funding bodies, and other higher education interest groups" and "[made] its views known through its research publications and in the media".[4]

University Alliance, million+, GuildHE and the Russell Group were its fellow university membership groups across the UK higher education sector.

Members at time of dissolution

InstitutionLocationEstablishedGained university statusVice-chancellor
(or equivalent)		Total number of studentsResearch funding (£Thousand)
Birkbeck, University of LondonLondon18231920Professor David Latchman
(Master)		19,0209,985
University of East AngliaNorwich19631963Professor David Richardson19,58516,482
University of EssexColchester19641964Professor Anthony Forster11,6909,967
Goldsmiths, University of LondonLondon18911904Dr Pat Loughrey
(Warden)		7,6158,539
Institute of Education, University of LondonLondon19021932Professor Chris Husbands
(Director)		7,2157,734
University of LancasterLancaster19641964Professor Mark Smith12,69518,640
University of LeicesterLeicester19211957Professor Sir Robert Burgess16,16022,225
Loughborough UniversityLoughborough19091966Professor Robert Allison17,82522,398
Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham18491900[https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/aboutus/governancematters/whoswho.aspx#tabbedareaA/ Professor Paul Layzell]
(Principal)		7,62013,699
SOAS, University of LondonLondon19161916Professor Paul Webley (Director)4,5257,238
University of SussexBrighton19611961Professor Adam Tickell12,41516,196

Historical membership

The following table shows the membership of the group since its formation in 1994.

InstitutionLocationYear joinedYear left
University of BathBath19942012
Birkbeck, University of LondonLondon1994
Durham UniversityDurham19942012
University of East AngliaNorwich1994
University of EssexWivenhoe (Essex)1994
University of ExeterExeter19942012
Goldsmiths, University of LondonLondon1994
Institute of Education, University of LondonLondon2009[5]
University of LancasterLancaster1994
University of LeicesterLeicester2006[6]
London School of EconomicsLondon19942006
Loughborough UniversityLoughborough2006[6]
University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST)Manchester19942004
Queen Mary, University of LondonLondon2006[6]2012
University of ReadingReading19942013
Royal Holloway, University of LondonEgham1994
University of St AndrewsSt Andrews19942012
SOAS, University of LondonLondon2006[6]
University of SurreyGuildford19942012
University of SussexBrighton1994
University of WarwickCoventry19942008[7]
University of YorkYork19942012

The University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), which merged with the Victoria University of Manchester to form the University of Manchester, was a member of the 1994 Group until October 2004. The London School of Economics was also a member until 2006, and the University of Warwick until July 2008. Durham University, University of Exeter, Queen Mary, University of London and University of York left in 2012. All have now joined the Russell Group.[8] In October, the University of St Andrews and University of Bath withdrew from membership of the group.[9][10] The University of Surrey also announced its intention to leave the group on 6 November 2012.[11] On 19 December 2012 the University of Reading announced that it would cease to participate in the group, although its membership formally ended in July 2013.[12]

1994 Group position in league tables

{{See also|Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom}}
UniversityARWU[13]
(2013, World)		QS[14]
(2013/14, World)		THE[15]
(2013/14, World)		Complete[16]
(2014, National)		The Guardian[17]
(2014, National)		Times/Sunday Times[18]
(2014, National)
Birkbeck, University of London – 374 201–225 – – –
University of East Anglia 201–300 229 174 20 17 17
University of Essex 401–500 338 251–275 39 63 39
Goldsmiths, University of London – 461–470 – 51 58 48
Institute of Education, University of London – – – – – –
University of Lancaster 301–400 156 137 11 11 12
University of Leicester 201–300 202 161 16 13 14
Loughborough University – 244 351–400 14 14 21
Royal Holloway, University of London – 265 102 30 38 28
School of Oriental and African Studies – 337 – 33 22 24
University of Sussex 101–150 193 121 31 50 32

Governance and management structure

The 1994 Group was headed by a board made up of the heads of member institutions. The board met formally five times a year. In addition, an annual residential conference took place in the summer where longer-term strategic issues were discussed.[4] The board had responsibility for determining strategy and agreeing all policy papers, position statements and consultation responses, and responsibility for the governance of all joint activity.

The chair was elected by board members for a three-year term of office. Professor Michael Farthing, vice-chancellor of University of Sussex, was elected chair in 2011.[4] The chair was the national spokesperson for the group and represented its interests where a senior representative of the group was required. The chair had overall responsibility for the development and delivery of the communication strategy on behalf of the board.

The chair was assisted by a Chair's Advisory Group (CAG) elected from the board for a three-year period of office (initial membership was staggered to ensure a rolling change of membership).[4] The CAG met on four occasions each year. CAG members had a general brief for assisting the chair in the development of all areas of group policy (including management of the relationship with the Policy Groups). The CAG had a central role in the development of relationships with government, funding bodies, and HE stakeholder organisations.

Policy Groups

The 1994 Group had three high-level Policy Groups that met three times a year to discuss longer-term strategy and policy issues.[4]

The 1994 Group's Student Experience Policy Group aimed to identify the key issues surrounding student experience in the HE sector, defining the 1994 Group's own position in this context, and identifying potential areas for research and activity in the future.

The Research and Enterprise Policy Group aimed to strengthen the research carried out by its members by investigating funding and other issues.

The Strategic Planning and Resources Policy Group developed policies and guidelines in response legislative and financial changes affecting the group's members.

Unions 94

Established in 2006, Unions 94 was a loose coalition of students' unions within the 1994 Group.

See also

  • British university
  • List of universities in the United Kingdom
Types of UK university
  • Ancient university
  • Red brick university
  • Plate glass university
  • Technological university
  • Campus university
International groups of universities
  • Group of Eight
  • Innovative Research Universities Australia
  • Ivy League
  • U15
  • Universitas 21

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Russell Group 'a more natural fit'|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/russell-group-a-more-natural-fit/419331.article|publisher=THE|date=15 March 2013|accessdate=28 April 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=1994 Group disbands|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/1994-group-disbands/2008862.article|publisher=THE|date=8 November 2013|accessdate=28 April 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|last=Group|first=1994|title=Statement from the Board of the 1994 Group|url=http://1994group.co.uk/press-release.php?post_id=165|publisher=1994 Group|accessdate=8 November 2013}}
4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=1994 Group website|url=http://1994group.co.uk/|publisher=1994 Group|accessdate=24 September 2013}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Institute of Education joins 1994 Group|url=http://www.ioe.ac.uk/newsEvents/28757.html|accessdate=23 September 2013}}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Four more universities join 1994 group|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2006/jun/13/highereducation.research1|accessdate=23 September 2013|newspaper=The Guardian}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Warwick University – V-c explains exit from 1994 Group|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/warwick-university-v-c-explains-exit-from-1994-group/401221.article|publisher=Times Higher Education|accessdate=24 September 2013}}
8. ^{{Cite web| last = | first = | title = Russell Group: News and Policy Statements – 2012 – Russell Group of universities agrees to expand| url = http://russellgroup.ac.uk/russell-group-latest-news/151-2012/5216-russell-group-of-universities-agrees-to-expand/| publisher = | date = | accessdate = 12 March 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120314221641/http://www.russellgroup.ac.uk/russell-group-latest-news/151-2012/5216-russell-group-of-universities-agrees-to-expand| archive-date = 14 March 2012| dead-url = yes| df = dmy-all}}
9. ^{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = University of Bath withdraws from 1994 Group | url = http://www.bath.ac.uk/news/2012/10/30/1994press/ | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 30 October 2012 }}
10. ^{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = Will the last university to leave the 1994 Group please turn out the lights | url = http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=421750&c=1 | publisher = THE | date = 6 November 2012 | accessdate = 7 November 2012}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=University of Surrey announces it is to leave 1994 Group|url=https://twitter.com/timeshighered/status/265774169441071104|accessdate=6 November 2012}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=1994 Group leaks yet another member|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=26&storycode=422179&c=1|publisher=THE|accessdate=19 December 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2013|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2013.html|accessdate=24 September 2013|publisher=Shanghai Ranking Consultancy}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2013|title=QS World University Rankings 2013/14|accessdate=24 September 2013|publisher=Quacquarelli Symonds}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2013-14/world-ranking|title=THE World University Rankings 2013–2014|accessdate=3 October 2013|publisher=THE}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/league-tables/rankings|title=University League Table 2014|accessdate=24 September 2013|publisher=The Complete University Guide}}
17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/table/2013/jun/03/university-league-table-2014|title=University guide 2014: University league table|accessdate=3 June 2013|publisher=The Guardian|date=3 June 2013}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/University_Guide/|title=The Times and Sunday Times University League Tables 2014|accessdate=22 September 2013|publisher=Times Newspapers}} {{paywall}}
{{The 1994 Group}}{{University associations and groupings in the United Kingdom}}

3 : College and university associations and consortia in the United Kingdom|1994 establishments in the United Kingdom|2013 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
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