| 词条 | Chinese frigate Haian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
Haian ({{zh|t=海安|p=Haian|w=Hai-an}}); originally named Chen-an), was a wooden steam powered frigate built for the Imperial Chinese Navy. She was the lead ship of the {{sclass-|Haian|frigate|4}}, which consisted of her and her sister {{ship|Chinese frigate|Yuyuen||2}}. They were the largest vessels built in China until the 1930s; they each ran over budget and used sub-standard building materials which limited their use. Haian was initially used as a training ship, and later saw action in the Sino-French War as a potential blockship, being scrapped as a hulk following the war. DesignHaian was the lead ship of the {{sclass-|Haian|frigate|4}} of wooden steam powered frigates.{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=34}} She was constructed at the dockyard at the Kiangnan Arsenal for the Imperial Chinese Navy's Nanyang Fleet.{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=34}}{{sfn |Chesneau|Kolesnik| 1979| p=395}} Haian and her sister ship {{ship|Chinese frigate|Yuyuen||2}} were the largest vessels built in China until the cruiser {{ship|Chinese cruiser|Ping Hai||2}} in 1931. Haian was originally named Chen-an, and measured {{convert|2630|LT|t|0|lk=in}} long overall, with a beam of {{convert|42|ft|m}} and an average draft of {{convert|21|ft|m}}. The propulsion system consisted of a {{convert|1750|ihp|abbr=on|lk=in}} reciprocating engine with a single shaft, enabling a cruising speed of {{convert|12|kn|lk=in}}. She was also equipped with a sailing rig across her three masts.{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=34}} She had a crew complement of 372.{{sfn |Chesneau|Kolesnik| 1979| p=395}} Her armament initially consisted of two {{convert|9|in|mm|adj=on|0}} muzzle-loading rifles (MLRs) mounted on the upper deck and 24 70-pounder Whitworth naval guns,{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=34}}{{sfn |Chesneau|Kolesnik| 1979| p=395}} the latter mounted in broadsides.{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=35}} During a later overhaul these were subsequently replaced Krupp guns of varying sizes, with two {{convert|8.2|in|mm|adj=on|0}} guns placed on the upper deck, and the broadside replaced with four {{convert|5.9|in|mm|adj=on|0}} and 20 {{convert|4.7|in|mm|adj=on|0}} guns.{{sfn |Chesneau|Kolesnik| 1979| p=395}} Haian was built at a cost of 355,190 taels;{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=34}} the cost of Haian and Yuyuen exceeded the budget and resulted in their limited use initially. Furthermore, due to the use of low quality pine from Oregon and Vancouver in the construction of the vessels meant that the timbers were showing obvious signs of rot after a few months of use.{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=35}} CareerHaian was launched on 24 May 1872 from the Kiangnan Arsenal, ahead of her sister ship 19 months later. The cost of the two ships meant that Yuyuen was not initially manned as there was not sufficient funds remaining to pay for her crew. Meanwhile, Haian spent the majority of her early life as a training vessel.{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=35}} Both Haian-class frigates were known for being unseaworthy.{{sfn |Chesneau|Kolesnik| 1979| p=395}} During the Sino-French War, Haian was prepared to be used as a blockship should the French Navy attempt to attack Shanghai.{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=35}} She was filled with stones and towed out to the bar of the Whangpoo (now Huangpu) river.{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=63}} As this attack did not occur, she was towed back into Shanghai after the end of the war,{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=66}} and was disposed of as a hulk within a few years.{{sfn |Wright| 2000| p=35}} NotesReferences{{refbegin}}
6 : 1872 ships|Victorian-era naval ships of China|Ships built in China|Sino-French War naval ships|Naval ships of Imperial China|Frigates |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。