| 词条 | Chioma Opara |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = | name = Chioma Carol Opara | honorific_suffix = Ph.d | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = Jos, Nigeria | region = | nationality = Nigerian | citizenship = Nigerian | residence = Rivers State | occupation = Professor of Literature and Comparative Literature | known_for = Patent Theories of Femalism and Gynandrism | home_town = Jos, NIgeria | title = Professor | spouse = Peter Amanze Opara | partner = | children = | parents = Father-Bernard Anonye Amadi | education = Doctoral | alma_mater = | era = Current | discipline = | workplaces = | main_interests = African Literature, African Feminism | footnotes = }}Chioma Opara (born 23 May 1951 in Jos, Nigeria) is a Nigerian author, activist, orator, and academic whose work primarily focuses on West African feminism. She is known for creating the theory of femalism and is one of the six most important African feminist theorists.[1] Her work has been influential in studies of gender in Africa.[2][3][4][5][6] She is currently Professor of English and Comparative Literature on the Faculty of Humanities at Rivers State University in Port Harcout, Nigeria.[7] EducationOpara received her B.A in French at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and went on to receive her diploma in French Studies at The University of Dakar and a certificate in French studies from the University of Tours in France. She received her Ph.D. in English at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria. Opara has been an activist for humanities education in Nigeria. In a 2016 inaugural speech at Rivers State University, Opara stated that its Institute on Foundational Studies should be elevated to a full-fledged Faculty of Humanities. She argued that "the elevation of the institute to a Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences would facilitate integrative possibilities.[8] In a 2016 interview, she argued that the mastery of language, particularly the English language, is essential to bolster the academic prestige and achievement of higher education institutions in Nigeria: "students should take the dictionary as their second bible."[8] At her university, Opara is dubbed "the English women" due to her expertise in the English language and literature.[8] TheoriesOpara's theoretical work focuses on innovating psychological and sociological feminist frameworks for African women and academics, particularly in analyzing literature. Opara centers the African female experience in the context of postcolonialism, globalization, economic disparity, and traditional African culture. She discusses how African women can subvert generations of sexism, entrenched in all of these systems in a specific context, and describes the appropriate tools for given contexts. Her work belongs to the school of burgeoning African feminist scholarship, which grew as a necessary response to the problem of white feminism and black feminism failing to address the experiences and perspectives of African women on the continent.[9][10] FemalismOpara describes her theory of femalism as a tangible "praxis" that "foregrounds the body while applying psychoanalytical criticism in its negotiation of the gendered subjectivity deemed as culturally and socially constructed."[11] In this theory, she describes the female body as a site of patriarchal abuse and violence on the African continent as the bearer of European colonialism and exploitation.[8] In this way, she centers the female body, which she likens to Mother Nature, and draws a poignant link between the liberation of African women and African nations at large. She argues that: applying the theory of femalism, a variant of African feminism, the female body as well as mothering will constitute the systemic site of discourse and hermeneutics. Parallels will be drawn between the lacerated female body and the mutilated African nation jostled by wars, poverty, disease, colonialism, and postcoloniality. Simply put, the feminized African country evokes Mother Earth, Woman Earth--an abstract projection of the African female body. The scarred body not only aligns with the spiritual in the representation of the natural and the cosmic but also manifests the dents of a scrambled and ailing nation. In the mothering of texts, we shall limn some African writers, transcending to embrace the Satrean concept of freedom. The existent may,however,in spinning the web of transcendence in a utopian precinct subordinate reproductive maternity to productive creative art.[12] In a lecture, Opara also described her theory: By virtue of its analysis of living experiences focused on the body, femalism is as phenomenological as it is heuristic and composite. Drawing parallels between the politically scarred African nation and the socioculturally battered female body, femalism effects a nexus between the freedom of woman and that of the African continent. The female nurturing body is considered to be analogous to Mother Africa--an embodiment of Mother Nature. The Metropolitan manipulations of a jolted African nation in the course of its economic and historical trajectory are likened to the flagrant, patriarchal abuse of the female body and mind in the quest for a holistic existence.[13] GynandrismOpara defines her theory of gynadrism (a term she uses differently than others) as the male empathy for women found in African literature.[14] She writes that it provides "African female subjects as well as female writers a robust leverage in the literary canon."[11] Furthermore, she states that "the gynandrist's work proffers a site for implicitly or explicitly censuring sexist normative patterns on the one hand and extolling the merits of the female on the other."[11] Works
References1. ^Nkealah, Naomi. "(West) African Feminisms and Their Challenges." Journal of Literary Studies 32, no. 2 (2016/04/02 2016): 61-74. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Opara, Chioma}}2. ^{{Cite journal|last=Newell|first=Stephanie (ed )|date=1997|title=Writing African Women: Gender, Popular Culture, and Literature in West Africa|url=https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=W00087994}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=Sisterhood, Feminisms and Power in Africa: From Africa to the Diaspora: Obioma Nnaemeka: 9780865434394: Amazon.com: Books|isbn = 978-0865434394|last1 = Nnaemeka|first1 = Obioma|year = 1998}} 4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Simon|first=E. D.|date=2010-01-01|title=The Niger Delta Region and the Woman's Predicament: A Study of Kaine Agary's Yellow- Yellow|journal=African Research Review|volume=4|issue=3|doi=10.4314/afrrev.v4i3.60241|issn=2070-0083}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Fubara|first=A. M.|date=2014-01-01|title=Figures of pedagogy in Ama Ata Aidoo's Changes and Buchi Emecheta's Double Yoke|journal=Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde|volume=51|issue=1|pages=18–28–28|doi=10.4314/tvl.v51i1.2|issn=2309-9070}} 6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Ezenwanebe|first=Osita|date=2015-07-28|title=Issues in Women's Liberation Struggles in Contemporary Nigeria: A Study of Ezeigbo's Hands that Crush Stone (2010)|url=https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol16/iss3/17|journal=Journal of International Women's Studies|volume=16|issue=3|pages=262–276|issn=1539-8706}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2016/02/01/don-wants-humanities-faculty-in-rsust/|title=Don Wants Humanities Faculty In RSUST {{!}} :::...The Tide News Online:::...|last=admin|access-date=2019-01-24}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://gistmeust.blogspot.com/2016/01/prof-chioma-opara-holds-inaugural.html|title=Prof. Chioma Opara holds inaugural lecture|website=Gistmeust.com {{!}} Rsust Online Community|access-date=2018-11-13}} 9. ^{{Cite journal|title=(West) African Feminisms and their Challenges|journal = Journal of Literary Studies|volume = 32|issue = 2|pages = 61–74|last=Nkealah|first=Naomi|date=2016-07-20|doi=10.1080/02564718.2016.1198156}} 10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Opara|first=Chioma|date=2017|title=Women's Perennial Quest in African Writing- Idealistic, Realistic, or Chimerical?|url=|journal=Dialogue and Universalism|volume=XXVII|pages=|via=}} 11. ^1 2 {{Cite book|title=Her mother's daughter: the African writer as woman|last=Opara|first=Chioma Carol|date=2004|publisher=University of Port Harcourt Press|isbn=978-9782321299|location=Port Harcourt [Nigeria|language=English|oclc = 66525440}} 12. ^{{Cite journal|last=Opara|first=Chioma|date=Nov 2005|title=On the African Concept of Transcendence : Conflating Nature, Nurture and Creativity|url=|journal=Melintas|volume=No. 2|pages=|via=}} 13. ^1 2 2016 Inaugaral Lecture by Chioma Carol Opara, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, January 27th, 2016 14. ^{{Cite journal|last=Opara|first=Chioma|date=November 2000|title=The Gynandrist: Elechi Amadi|url=|journal=Journal of Gender Studies|volume= 1| issue = 2|pages=121–141|via=}} 15. ^{{Cite journal|last=Opara|first=Chioma|date=2017|title=Women's Perennial Quest in African Writing|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/OPAWPQ|journal=Dialogue and Universalism|volume=27|issue=2|pages=119–128}} 16. ^{{Cite journal|last=Opara|first=Chioma|date=January 2008|title=Not a scintilla of light: Darkness and despondency in Yvonne Vera's Butterfly Burning|url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0041-476X2008000200009&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en|journal=Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde|volume=45|issue=2|pages=124–132|issn=0041-476X}} 17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315079896|title=New Perspectives on Women and Community Empowerment in Zaynab Alkali's The Descendants and The Initiates|last=|first=|date=March 2011|website=ResearchGate|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-11-13}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://library.villanova.edu/Find/Record/1258678/Details|title=Staff View: Twelve best books by African women |website=library.villanova.edu|access-date=2018-11-13}} 3 : Living people|Nigerian feminists|1951 births |
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