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Winter Hill transmitting station

释义

Height
Construction
Maintenance
Coverage
Output
Television Digital Before switchover Analogue Digital television Radio FM DAB
Plane crash
Timeline
See also
References
Further reading
External links

{{Infobox UK Transmitter |
|name = Winter Hill
|image =
|map_name = North West England#Lancashire#Greater Manchester#United Kingdom Borough of Chorley##United Kingdom Blackburn with Darwen
|map_caption = Shown in North West England##Shown in Lancashire##Shown near Greater Manchester##Shown in Chorley Borough##Shown near Blackburn with Darwen
|map_label = Winter Hill
|coordinates = {{coord|53.625556|-2.514722|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
|height = {{convert|309.48|m|ft}}
|gridref=SD660145
|built =
|demolished =
|collapsed =
|relay =
|BBC = BBC North West
|ITV = ITV Granada
|localtv = Bay TV Liverpool
That's Lancashire
That's Manchester
}}

The Winter Hill transmitting station is a broadcasting and telecommunications site on Winter Hill, at the southern boundary of the Borough of Chorley, Lancashire and above Bolton. It is owned and operated by Arqiva.

Height

The original mast at Winter Hill was a {{convert|450|ft|m||order=flip|adj=on}} tower that came into service on 3 May 1956, and carried the programmes of Granada Television (weekdays) and ABC Weekend Television. In 1966 services were transferred to a new higher mast erected adjacent to the original tower. The main mast structure is {{convert|309.48|m|ft|}} tall and has a diameter of {{convert|2.75|m|ft}}. During the period of parallel digital and analogue transmissions, the DTT antenna attached to the top of the mast brought the overall height to {{convert|315.4|m|ft}},^[1] however as part of the Digital Switchover plans, this antenna has now been removed, reducing its overall height to {{convert|309.48|m|ft}}.^[1] It is one of the tallest structures in the United Kingdom, the tallest being the mast at Belmont in Lincolnshire with a height of {{convert|351.5|m|ft}}; however, at {{convert|778.1|m|ft}} above sea level, Winter Hill has the highest television transmitting antenna in the United Kingdom and is higher than Gragareth, the highest hill in Lancashire.

Construction

Unlike most masts, which are of a lattice design, Winter Hill mast is of a tubular construction. Five other masts in England share this design (Belmont, Bilsdale, Mendip, Waltham and the original ill-fated structure at Emley Moor). Support wires, to hold the mast vertical, are pitched at 120° when viewed from above. These are connected at 5 heights, giving 15 supports in total. In recent years, these wires have been strengthened, and {{convert|152|MT|LT|abbr=off}} of dampening chains have been fitted by Arqiva (then NTL Broadcast) to reduce the oscillations caused by high winds that were a factor in the collapse of Emley Moor's original structure in 1969. During 2007 - 2009, the mast was strengthened to allow the installation of the new heavier digital transmission aerials.^[2]

Maintenance

An advantage of the tubular design is that engineers can ascend the inside the mast and avoid adverse weather, which is a problem on frame structures. Maintaining the outside of the mast is typically performed using a bosun's chair.

The mast has always had a series of red aircraft warning lights but in October 2006 these lights were substantially brightened making the mast far more visible to passing aircraft. These lights can be maintained from the inside, as the lamps swing inwards for maintenance.

Eight external platforms encircle the mast along its height. These can be accessed from the inside of the mast, and are used to maintain the supporting wires, and the ILR antennas.

Coverage

The station's coverage includes approximately 6.3 million people. Although not the 'correct' television region, it is the preferred region for some in North Wales, mainly because it carries Channel 4 (as opposed to S4C, however since digital switchover Channel 4 is also available on all Welsh transmitters), Channel 5 and a much more powerful{{quantify|date=March 2018}} digital terrestrial output than the Welsh transmitters. The region's ITV franchisees, Granada Television (weekdays only until 1968) and ABC Television (Associated British Corporation) weekends (launched in 1956), were on air much earlier than North Wales' franchisee, WWN (Teledu Cymru) which launched in 1962 (subsequently HTV Wales) giving viewers more choice than they would with the Welsh transmissions. ABC Television lost its franchise in 1968, when Granada Television commenced broadcasting seven days a week. Since the digital switchover, the Welsh transmitters are broadcasting DTT at a much higher power and Channel 4, and Channel 5 are now included in the line-up. However, because of terrain and rough landscapes of North Wales, many will find it easier to stay with Winter Hill (as small local relays will only broadcast a limited range of the digital channels).

In July 2007 it was confirmed by Ofcom that Winter Hill would be remaining a C/D group transmitter after DSO (digital switchover). One of the Winter Hill Multiplexes (Arqiva B or MUX6), broadcasting channels including Film4 and ITV4, was on reduced power (12.5 kW) until Sutton Coldfield went fully digital in September 2011. This compares with the other Winter Hill digital multiplexes which have broadcast with 100 kW since 2 December 2009. This significantly affected the Arqiva B multiplex coverage area until the Sutton Coldfield final switchover.

Apart from North Wales, the coverage area is what is expected, covering a large area of the northwest. More Relay Transmitters appear towards the east in Greater Manchester.

Output

Television

Digital

Winter Hill is the principal transmitter for the Granada region and in 2009 it became the first in the UK to broadcast digital television in high definition.^[3]^[4]

Arqiva B (on channel 55) was originally transmitted at only 12.5 kW to prevent co-channel interference with the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station's Arqiva B, which was on the same channel until it switched over in September 2011. It now transmits at 100 kW, the same power as the other five multiplexes.

Only four of the 70 Winter Hill relays broadcast six digital multiplexes (Lancaster, Saddleworth, Pendle Forest and Storeton). All the others broadcast just the three public service multiplexes BBC A, BBC B and D3&4. Since switchover BBC B is reserved for HD broadcasts only. Winter Hill also broadcasts a Manchester multiplex on Channel 57.

Frequency	UHF	kW	Operator	System
ch=31}}	31	25.7	COM7 (ARQ C)	DVB-T2
ch=37}}	37	22.6	COM8 (ARQ D)	DVB-T2
ch=49}}	49	100	COM5 (ARQ A)	DVB-T
ch=50}}	50	100	PSB1 (BBC A)	DVB-T
ch=54\|off=neg}}	54-	100	PSB3 (BBC B)	DVB-T2
ch=55}}	55	100	COM6 (ARQ B)	DVB-T
ch=56}}	56	2	LTVmux (Liverpool)	DVB-T
ch=56}}	56	1	LTVmux (Preston)	DVB-T
ch=56}}	56	2	LTVmux (Manchester)	DVB-T
ch=57}}	57	1	GImux (G_MAN)	DVB-T
ch=58}}	58	100	COM4 (SDN)	DVB-T
ch=59}}	59	100	PSB2 (D3&4)	DVB-T

Before switchover

{{no2Frequency	{{no2UHF	{{no2kW	{{no2Operator
ch=56\|off=pos}}	56+	10	BBC (Mux 1)
ch=60\|off=pos}}	60+	10	Arqiva (Mux C)
ch=63\|off=pos}}	63+	10	Arqiva (Mux D)
ch=66\|off=pos}}	66+	10	Digital 3&4 (Mux 2)
ch=67\|off=pos}}	67+	10	BBC (Mux B)
ch=68\|off=pos}}	68+	10	SDN (Mux A)

Analogue

Analogue television transmissions from Winter Hill ceased officially early in the morning of 2 December 2009. Since then the site has carried only digital terrestrial television transmissions.

{{no2Frequency	{{no2UHF	{{no2kW	{{no2Service
ch=39}}	39	—	Channel M
ch=48}}	48	12.5	Channel 5
ch=55}}	55	500	BBC One
ch=59}}	59	500	ITV
ch=62}}	62	500	BBC Two
ch=65}}	65	500	Channel 4

Digital television

The following is a list of the television relays served by Winter Hill, including UHF channels for each multiplex it carries. Only Lancaster, Pendle Forest, Saddleworth and Storeton carry all the main 6 multiplexes and have done so since 1998 when Winter Hill also started broadcasting these channels. Before 2009, the Cornholme, Lydgate, Todmorden, Walsden and Walsden South transmitters in West Yorkshire also relayed signals from Winter Hill, until this was changed to relay Emley Moor in 2009.

Transmitter	BBC A	D3&4	BBC B	SDN	ARQA	ARQB
Austwick	45	39	42	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Backbarrow	53	60	57	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Bacup	46	43	40	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Barrow Town Hall	44	41	47	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Birch Vale	46	43	40	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Blackburn	46	43	40	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Bollington	27	24	21	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Brinscall	21	24	27	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Broadbottom	45	42	39	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Brook Bottom	53	60	57	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Burbage	47	41	44	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Buxton	27	24	21	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Cartmel	28	25	22	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Chaigley	27	24	21	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Chatburn	26	23	29	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Chinley	53	60	57	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Congleton	44	41	47	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Dalton	46	43	40	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Darwen	45	39	42	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Delph	26	23	29	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Dog Hill	46	43	40	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Elton	27	24	21	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Far Highfield	52	56	48	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Glossop	28	25	22	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Haslingden	26	23	29	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Haughton Green	46	43	40	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Ladder Hill	26	23	29	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Lancaster	27	24	21	25	28	22
Langley	27	24	21	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Lees	28	25	22	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Littleborough	27	24	21	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Macclesfield	28	25	22	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Manchester Hulme	44	41	47	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}	{{n/a}}
Melling HP	57	60	53	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Melling VP	57	60	53	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Middleton	28	25	22	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Millom Park	28	25	22	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Moss Bank	27	24	21	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Mottram in Longdendale	46	43	40	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Newchurch	21	24	27	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Norden	53	57	60	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
North Oldham	27	24	21	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Oakenhead	44	41	47	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Over Biddulph	57	53	60	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Parbold	41	44	47	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Pendle Forest	28	25	22	27	21	24
Penny Bridge	26	23	29	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Portwood	28	25	22	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Prestbury	46	43	40	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Ramsbottom	53	60	57	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Ribblesdale	41	44	47	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Romiley	44	41	47	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Roose HP	22	28	25	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Roose VP	22	28	25	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Saddleworth	45	39	42	51	52	48
Skelmersdale	46	43	40	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Stavely-in-Cartmel	46	43	40	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Stockport	24	21	27	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Storeton	28	25	22	23	26	29
Stunningdale	44	41	47	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Trawden	53	60	57	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Urswick	44	41	47	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Walton-Le-Dale	27	24	21	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Wardle	28	25	22	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
West Kirby	27	24	21	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Whaley Bridge	45	39	42	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Whalley	46	43	40	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Whitewell	53	60	57	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Whitworth	28	25	22	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}
Woodnook	45	39	42	{{NA}}	{{NA}}	{{NA}}

Radio

FM

Frequency	kW^[5]	Service
88.6 MHz	4†	BBC Radio 2
90.8 MHz	4†	BBC Radio 3
93.0 MHz	4†	BBC Radio 4
97.4 MHz	2	97.4 Rock FM
98.2 MHz	4†	BBC Radio 1
100.4 MHz	5	Smooth Radio
103.9 MHz	2	BBC Radio Lancashire
105.4 MHz	5	Heart North West

† Relays the signal from Holme Moss to cover south and central Lancashire

^[6]

DAB

Frequency	Block	kW^[7]	Operator
220.352 MHz	11C	0.25†	CE Manchester
222.064 MHz	11D	10	Digital One
223.936 MHz	12A	1.5‡	Bauer Central Lancashire
225.648 MHz	12B	10	BBC National DAB

† Broadcasts from a directional aerial to cover Greater Manchester.

‡ Broadcasts from a directional aerial to cover central Lancashire (Wigan, Preston, Southport, Blackpool and surrounding areas).

Plane crash

On 27 February 1958, a Silver City Bristol 170 Freighter (G-AICS) travelling from the Isle of Man to Manchester crashed into Winter Hill (also known as Rivington Moor) several hundred yards away from the mast. Thirty-five people died and 7 were injured. The weather that night was so severe that none of the engineers working in the transmission centre were aware of the crash. Several feet of snow hampered rescue efforts, and a snowcat vehicle had to be diverted from the A6 to cut a path for emergency vehicles.

Timeline

1956: Granada Television weekdays & ABC Television (Associated British Corporation) weekends commence black and white television broadcasting prior to main mast construction.
1958: Fatal plane crash kills 35 people, 7 survive.
1962: BBC commence broadcasting on VHF Channel 12 (including the Manchester version of Look North)
1965: Main mast is completed, replacing the old 450' construction, which is removed.
1965: BBC 2 UHF transmissions start.
1967: BBC2 UHF Colour Transmissions start.
1968: ABC Television loses franchise; Granada Television commences broadcasting seven days a week.
1968: ITA (Independent Television Authority) build the single storey engineering building.
1969: ITV and BBC1 transmit in colour on UHF.
1970: Relaying service set up with Emley Moor mast.
1974: Local radio stations set up wire frame ILR transmitters on the hill. ITA became IBA, following start of commercial radio broadcasting (in 1973).
1981: Channel 4 create additional engineering building.
1981: Occasional Channel 4 test transmissions start.
1982: Additional ILR transmitter put into operation for further local radio. Channel 4 commences transmission (on 2 November 1982).
1983: Channel 4 set up relay service.
1989: NICAM stereo transmissions commence from the site.
1997: Channel 5 commences transmission
1998: Radio station Century 105 starts broadcasting from the main mast (became Real Radio, now HEART).
1998: Low power Digital TV transmission start.
2009: Analogue TV signals were switched off in two phases on Wednesday 4 November 2009 (BBC Two Switched off) and 2 December 2009 (remaining analogue channels).^[8]

References

1. ^¹Chorley Council - Planning Applications - Ref: 07/00056/FUL
2. ^The Transmission Gallery - Winter Hill
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ofcom.org.uk/media/features/hdfree|title=Freeview set for HD channels |work= Ofcom|accessdate=2008-10-19}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/10/17/freeview_hd_2009/|title=Ofcom confirms three Freeview HD channels 'by end of next year' • The Register|publisher=www.theregister.co.uk|accessdate=2008-10-19}}
5. ^Radio Listeners Guide
6. ^Radio Listeners Guide
7. ^Radio Listeners Guide
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaluk.co.uk/when_do_i_switch/granada|title=Digital UK - Granada TV Region|publisher=www.digitaluk.co.uk|accessdate=2008-10-19}}

External links

MB21 Winter Hill index.
Info and pictures of Winter Hill including co-receivable transmitters.
http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b2455
Winter Hill Transmitter at thebigtower.com

{{Television transmitters in the UK}}{{Supertall}}{{Winter Hill VHF 405-line Transmitter Group}}{{Borough of Chorley buildings}}

4 : Buildings and structures in the Borough of Chorley|Transmitter sites in England|Radio masts and towers in Europe|West Pennine Moors

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