“Winter Park, Florida”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Winter Park is a suburban city in Orange County, Florida, United States. The population was 27,852 at the 2010 United States Census.^[5] It is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Winter Park was founded as a resort community by northern business magnates in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Its main street includes civic buildings, retail, art galleries, a private liberal arts college (Rollins College), museums, a park, a train station, a golf course country club, a historic cemetery, and a beach and boat launch.

History

The Winter Park area's first human residents were migrant Muscogee people who had earlier intermingled with the Choctaw and other indigenous people. In a process of ethnogenesis, the Native Americans formed a new culture which they called "Seminole", a derivative of the Mvskoke' (a Creek language) word simano-li, an adaptation of the Spanish cimarrón which means "wild" (in their case, "wild men"), or "runaway" [men].^[6] The site was first inhabited by Europeans in 1858, when David Mizell Jr. bought an {{convert|8|acre|m2|adj=on}} homestead between Lakes Virginia, Mizell, and Berry. A settlement, called Lake View by the inhabitants, grew up around Mizell's plot. It got a post office and a new name—Osceola—in 1870.

The area did not develop rapidly until 1880, when a South Florida Railroad track connecting Orlando and Sanford was laid a few miles west of Osceola. Shortly afterwards, Loring Chase came to Orange County from Chicago to recuperate from a lung disease. In his travels, he discovered the pretty group of lakes just east of the railbed. He enlisted a wealthy New Englander, Oliver E. Chapman, and they assembled a very large tract of land, upon which they planned the town of Winter Park. Over the next four years they plotted the town, opened streets, built a town hall and a store, planted orange trees, and required all buildings to meet stylistic and architectural standards. They promoted it heavily.^[7] During this time, the Winter Park Post Office opened,^[8] and the railroad constructed a depot, connected to Osceola by a dirt road.

In 1885, a group of businessmen started the Winter Park Company and incorporated it with the Florida Legislature; Chase and Chapman sold the town to the new company. In a land bubble characteristic of Florida history, land prices soared from less than $2 per acre to over $200, with at least one sale recorded at $300 per acre.

In 1885, the Congregational Assembly of Florida started Rollins College, the state's first four-year college. The following year the Seminole Hotel on Lake Osceola opened. This was a resort complete with the luxuries of the day: gas lights, steam heating, a string orchestra, a formal dining room, a bowling alley, and long covered porches.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}

Presidential visits

The first president to visit was Chester A. Arthur, who reported that Winter Park was "the prettiest place I have seen in Florida",^[9] although he has been recorded as saying the same of nearby Sanford.

President Grover Cleveland visited the area and was given a huge reception at the Seminole Hotel on February 23, 1888. He enjoyed the Bounding Horse Cart ride and stated that it was the most pleasant diversion of his Florida trip. The New York Times reported on his visit that "The Philadelphian and Bostonian founders had done a good job with the town."

The following four years both hotel and the town became a fashionable winter resort for northern visitors. The next president to visit the area was Franklin D. Roosevelt in March 1936. He was conferred an honorary degree in literature at Rollins College.

President Barack Obama visited Rollins College on August 2, 2012 to give a speech that was part of his re-election campaign.

Winter Park Public Library

The Winter Park Public Library is located at 460 E. New England Avenue in the heart of Winter Park. Its origins date back to 1885, when nine women organized to create a lending library for their small community, which was still in its infancy at the time.^[10] The library has been located at its present site since 1979.

The Winter Park Sinkhole {{anchor|sinkhole}}

In 1972, Henry Swanson, an agricultural agent and "resident layman expert on Central Florida water," wrote a letter to the editor warning Orange County mayors of the sinkhole danger that could be posed by overdevelopment and excessive groundwater use. Swanson predicted that the west Winter Park area would be especially at risk.^[11] In May 1981, during a period of record-low water levels in Florida's limestone aquifer, a massive sinkhole opened up near the corner of Denning Drive and Fairbanks Avenue.

The sinkhole first appeared on the evening of May 8, 1981, near the house of Winter Park resident Mae Rose Williams.^[12]^[13] Within a few hours, a 40-year-old sycamore tree near her house had fallen into the sinkhole.^[12]^[14] The next morning, the hole expanded to nearly {{convert|40|ft}} wide.^[14] In a story in the Orlando Sentinel, she said that as the sun rose, she heard a noise "like giant beavers chewing" as the hole began to devour more of her land. The hole was collapsing rapidly.^[14] By noon, as she realized that her home was slipping into the expanding hole, she and the family evacuated and removed their belongings. That afternoon her house fell into the sinkhole, and within a few hours the house was irrevocably on its way into the sinkhole's center, headed to unknown depths.

The hole eventually widened to {{convert|320|ft|m}} and to a depth of {{convert|90|ft|m}}. The following fell into the sinkhole: five Porsches at a repair shop, a pickup truck with camper top, the Winter Park municipal pool, and large portions of Denning Drive.^[15] By May 9, nearly {{convert|250000|yd3}} of earth had fallen into the sinkhole. Damage was estimated at $2 to $4 million.^[11] May 9, 1981: The sinkhole grows to a record size, gulping down 250,000 cubic yards of soil and taking with it the deep end of an Olympic-size swimming pool, chunks of two streets and Williams' three-bedroom home and yard. Florida engineers have described the event as "the largest sinkhole event witnessed by man as a result of natural geological reasons or conditions."^[14] He based his statements on his study of 2,000 sinkholes over more than 40 years. That opinion was echoed by Ardaman & Associates, a local engineering consulting firm.

The sinkhole drew national attention and became a popular tourist attraction during the summer of 1981. A carnival-like atmosphere arose around the area, with vendors selling food, balloons, and T-shirts to visitors. The city of Winter Park sold sinkhole photographs for promotional and educational purposes.^[11] July 9, 1981: Winter Park begins selling sinkhole photographs to educate the community about sinkholes and to promote tourism. The sinkhole began to fill with water that summer, but on July 19 the water level suddenly dropped by a reported {{convert|15|to|20|ft}}.^[11]

As the novelty wore off, the city worked to repair the damage. Workers were able to recover four of the six vehicles that fell into the sinkhole including the travel trailer, whose owner drove it away, and three of the five Porsches. The other two remain at the bottom of the lake with Mae Rose Owens' home. Engineers filled in the bottom with dirt and concrete,^[12] Diver reports from 2009 suggest that the lake has since been used to dispose of unwanted vehicles.^[14] "The other two remain at the bottom of the lake with Mae Rose Owens' home, as well as three other vehicles that were reported by divers in 2009, who saw a Cadillac and a Toyota from the 1980s and a Dodge pickup truck with a 2001 license plate. Apparently the site that once took expensive cars without their owners' permission had become a place to dispose of unwanted vehicles. Excepting a 1987 incident in which the bottom of the lake suddenly dropped {{convert|20|ft}}, causing erosion on the southern rim, the stabilized sinkhole has been generally quiet.^[11]

The Langford Resort Hotel

The Langford Hotel served as a gateway to "Old Florida" attractions in Central Florida and a community social hub for decades.

Famous guests included Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, Ray Charles, Larry King, Hugh Hefner, John Denver, Langford winter resident Lady Bird Johnson, and President Ronald Reagan and his wife Nancy Reagan, who celebrated their 24th wedding anniversary there.^[16] Reagan gave a campaign speech at Rollins College and stayed at the Langford in 1976.

The Langford was celebrated in a party in late 1999, closed, and was demolished.^[17] A portion of the former Langford property (as of mid-2009) has been developed into luxury mid-rise condominiums. The remaining parcel was redeveloped and in 2014, a boutique hotel named the Alfond Inn, owned and operated by Rollins College^[18] opened at the site of the original Langford Hotel.

The Temple Grove

An orange grove, known as the Temple Grove, stood on the south side of Palmer Avenue just east of Temple Drive. The temple orange was grown on the old Wyeth grove on Palmer Avenue (later Temple Grove) owned at the time by Louis A. Hakes, whose son was the first to notify Temple of the different quality of the new orange. The orange was introduced and cataloged by Buckeye Nursery in 1917, the year W. C. Temple died. Myron E. Gillett and his son D. Collins Gillett later went on to plant the largest orange grove in the world in the 1920s ({{convert|5000|acre}}) in Temple Terrace, Florida.

The Winter Park Sidewalk Art Festival

The Winter Park Sidewalk Art Festival is one of the nation's oldest, largest juried outdoor art festivals, rated among the top shows by Sunshine Artist and American Style magazines.^[19] In 2012, about 1,200 artists from around the world applied for entry, and an independent panel of judges selected 225 national and international artists to attend the show. The National Endowment for the Arts, the White House, Congress, and many others have lauded the Festival for promoting art and art education in Central Florida. An all-volunteer board of directors runs the annual festival, now in its 50th year.^[20]

Geography

The city is northeast of and adjacent to Orlando. Elevation ranges between {{convert|66|and|97|ft}} above sea level.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|26.3|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|22.5|km2|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|3.9|km2|order=flip}} (14.62%) is water.^[21] It is nestled among the Winter Park Chain of Lakes, a series of lakes interconnected by a series of navigable canals, which were originally created for flood control and to run logs to a sawmill on present-day Lake Virginia. The lakes are popular for boating, watersports, fishing and swimming.

The city is traversed by the old East Florida and Atlantic Railroad ("Dinky Line") railroad bed, which until the 1960s had a stop at Lake Virginia/Rollins College at the city park now known as Dinky Dock. Much of this right of way has been converted to a rail-trail pedestrian/biking path in the form of the Cady Way Trail, which leads from Cady Way Park toward the Baldwin Park neighborhood and downtown Orlando, and in the opposite direction to Oviedo and beyond (via the Florida Trail), due to a new pedestrian bridge spanning Semoran Boulevard (SR 436) in Orange County.

SunRail operates a rail line through Winter Park on the former Atlantic Coast Line, with an Amtrak and SunRail commuter rail station in downtown's historic Central Park.

Many commuters pass through the city on their way to downtown Orlando. These commuters come from outlying suburban areas such as Oviedo, Winter Springs, Maitland, Altamonte Springs, Longwood and Casselberry. Winter Park's municipal government has sought to reduce speeding and aggressive driving in its downtown core and residential areas by lowering speed limits to {{convert|20|mph}} in some areas, adding textured traffic-calming brick roads, and aggressively enforcing the law. These measures have added traffic congestion, but preserve the quality of life for residents and encourage pass-thru commuters to seek alternate, high-speed routes to downtown (such as SR436/Semoran Blvd, Lake Howell Road, US17-92/Orlando Ave, Interstate 4, and the 408/East West Expressway and 417/Greeneway toll roads).{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

Climate

Demographics

As of the census^[3] of 2000, there were 24,090 people, 10,722 households, and 5,864 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,281.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,267.2/km²). There were 11,431 housing units at an average density of 1,557.1 per square mile (601.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.90% White, 10.52% African American, 0.16% Native American, 1.32% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.94% from other races, and 1.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.31% of the population.

There were 10,722 households out of which 21.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.3% were non-families. 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.80.

In the city the population was spread out with 18.5% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 25.0% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 22.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.4 males.

Economy

Personal income

The median income for a household in the city was $48,884, and the median income for a family was $73,697. Males had a median income of $50,975 versus $32,066 for females. The per capita income for the city was $38,791. About 5.0% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

Tourism

Scenic Olde Winter Park area is punctuated by small, winding brick streets, and a canopy of old southern live oak and camphor trees, draped with Spanish moss. There are thousands of visitors{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} to annual festivals including the Bach Festival, the nationally ranked Sidewalk Art Festival, and the Winter Park Concours d'Elegance.

Within the city is the Mead Botanical Garden which is a {{convert|47.6|acre}} park that encompasses several ecosystems.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} It has an amphitheater, butterfly garden, discovery barn and a recreation center.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} Many{{how many?|date=February 2013}} structures are more than 100 years old.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}

Industry

Adventist Health System and Bonnier Corporation are based in Winter Park. D100 Radio was founded here and is still present in Winter Park.

According to the City's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,^[26] the top employers in the city are:

Educational institutions

Sites of interest

Transportation

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer File |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_12.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 7, 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Winter Park Files|url=http://winterpark.org/chamber_staff/betsy-gardner-eckbert/}}
3. ^¹²{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}}
5. ^{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Winter Park city, Florida| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=September 21, 2012}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/seminole|title=Definition of Seminole|publisher=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=2013-10-10}}
7. ^Facts taken from a copy of the original Seminole Hotel promotional brochure.
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postmasterfinder/welcome.htm |title=United States Postal Service Postmaster Finder |publisher=United States Postal Service |date=2017 |accessdate=2017-11-30}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wppl.org/wphistory/FirstSeminoleHotel/AerialViewOfSeminoleHotel.pdf |title=The Seminole, Winter Park, Orange County, Florida |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=About The Library|url=https://www.wppl.org/about|website=Winter Park Public Library|publisher=Winter Park Public Library}}
11. ^¹²³⁴{{cite news|last=Robinson|first=Jim|title=A Sinkhole Chronology|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1987-12-27/news/0170120189_1_sinkhole-winter-park-mae-rose|accessdate=5 March 2013|newspaper=Orlando Sentine|date=27 December 1987|quote=In letters to all of the mayors in Orange County, Henry Swanson, agricultural agent and resident layman expert on Central Florida water, warns that if local governments continue to allow too much water to be drawn from the ground and allow developers to cover the land with buildings and parking lots, they can expect sinkholes, especially in the west Winter Park area.}}
12. ^¹²{{cite news|last=Grove|first=Jim|title=In 1981, World Was Riveted By The Saga Of The Sinkhole|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1996-11-15/features/9611080408_1_sinkhole-winter-park-rose-williams|accessdate=5 March 2013|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|date=15 November 1996|quote=On Friday evening, May 8, 1981, Mae Rose Owens - now Mae Rose Williams - was playing with her dog, Muffin, in the front yard of her home on West Comstock Avenue on the west side of Winter Park when she heard a 'queer, swishing' noise.}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Pictures: Winter Park sinkhole|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/os-fla360-pictures-winter-park-sinkhole-20121113,0,5366877.photogallery|publisher=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=5 March 2013|quote=In 1981, Mae Rose Williams with her dog Muffin, the pooch who stood outside barking fiercely when the Winter Park sinkhole started to open.}}
14. ^¹²³⁴{{cite news|last=Rajtar|first=Gayle and Steve|title=That Sinking Feeling: When Mae Rose Owens heard a ‘ploop’ back in May 1981, she didn’t realize just how big a hole she was in|url=http://winterparkmag.com/winterparkmag/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=676&Itemid=78|accessdate=5 March 2013|newspaper=Winter Park Magazine|date=May 2010|quote=When she looked outside, she saw a sycamore tree disappear as if it were being pulled downward by the roots, making a sound that she described as a 'ploop.'}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Winter Park sinkhole photo gallery|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/os-fla360-pictures-winter-park-sinkhole-20121113,0,5366877.photogallery|publisher=Chicago Tribune}}
16. ^Facts taken from original Langford Hotel property promotional material.
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wppl.org/wphistory/LangfordHotel/index.html |title=Langford Hotel History |publisher=Wppl.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
18. ^{{cite news |publisher = Orlando Business Journal |title = Rollins seeks developer, architect for proposed inn | url = http://orlando.bizjournals.com/orlando/stories/2010/02/08/story10.html | date=February 8, 2010}}
19. ^{{cite web |publisher = Sunshine Magazine |title = Show Review Archives |url = http://www.sunshineartist.com/reviews/200907.asp}}
20. ^{{cite web |publisher = WFTV |title = 51st Annual Winter Park Sidewalk Art Festival |url = http://wftv.zipscene.com/events/view/2349772-51st-annual-winter-park-sidewalk-art-festival-winter-park}}
21. ^{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Winter Park city, Florida| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=September 21, 2012}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/USFL0525 |title= Monthly Averages for Winter Park, FL | publisher=Weather.com |year=2010 |accessdate=2010-05-16}}
23. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}
25. ^{{cite book |last=Florida Department of Agriculture |date=1906 |title=Census of the State of Florida |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rn0zAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Census+of+the+State+of+Florida&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiK7Prk6L7YAhXDKCYKHbjsAGEQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=Census%20of%20the%20State%20of%20Florida&f=false |location=Urbana, I.L.}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://cityofwinterpark.org/departments/finance/financial-reports-archive/|title=City of Winter Park CAFR |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2012-02-24}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.eal.ocps.net/ |title=Aloma Elementary School |publisher=Eal.ocps.net |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.brookshire.ocps.net/ |title=Brookshire Elementary School |publisher=Brookshire.ocps.net |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elk.ocps.net/ |title=Lakemont Elementary School |publisher=Elk.ocps.net |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theparkehouseacademy.com/ |title=The Parke House Academy |publisher=The Parke House Academy |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wpt.ocps.net/ |title=Winter Park Tech |publisher=Wpt.ocps.net |date=2011-04-14 |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.crealde.org/ |title=Crealde School of Art |publisher=Crealde.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ffpp.org/ |title=Lake Baldwin Park |publisher=Ffpp.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hannibalsquare.com/ |title=Hannibal Square Association|date=|accessdate=2014-04-28}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.meadgarden.org/ |title=Mead Garden |publisher=Mead Garden |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.winterparkhistorical.com/ |title=Winter Park Historical Association & Museum |publisher=Winterparkhistorical.com |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wppl.org |title=Winter Park Public Library |publisher=Wppl.org |date=2011-12-06 |accessdate=2012-01-05}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wpsaf.org |title=Winter Park Sidewalk Art Festival |publisher=Wpsaf.org |date= |accessdate=2012-01-05}}