| 词条 | Winter savory |
| 释义 |
|name = Winter savory |image = Satureja montana2.jpg |genus = Satureja |species = montana |authority = L. |synonyms_ref = [1] |synonyms = {{Species list |Clinopodium montanum |(L.) Kuntze |Micromeria montana |(L.) Rchb. |Micromeria pygmaea |Rchb. |Micromeria variegata |Rchb. |Satureja brevis |Jord. & Fourr. |Satureja ciliata |Avé-Lall. |Satureja flexuosa |Jord. & Fourr. |Satureja hyssopifolia |Bertol. |Satureja karstiana |Justin |Satureja montana var. chamaebuxus |Briq. |Satureja montana var. communis |Vis. |Satureja montana subsp. montana |Satureja montana var. stenophylla |Boiss. |Satureja montana f. subquadrangula |(Rohlena) Šilic |Satureja montana var. subquadrangula |Rohlena |Satureja mucronifolia |Stokes |Satureja ovalifolia |Huter, Porta & Rigo |Satureja petraea |Jord. & Fourr. |Satureja pollinonis |Huter, Porta & Rigo |Satureja provincialis |Jord. & Fourr. |Satureja pyrenaica |Jord. & Fourr. |Satureja rigidula |Jord. & Fourr. |Satureja trifida |Moench |Saturiastrum montanum |(L.) Fourr. |Saturiastrum petraeum |Fourr. |Thymus montanus |(L.) Dum.Cours. [Illegitimate] }} }} Satureja montana (winter savory or mountain savory), is a perennial, semi-evergreen herb in the family Lamiaceae, native to warm temperate regions of southern Europe, the Mediterranean, and Africa. It has dark green, leaves and summer flowers ranging from pale lavender, or pink to white. While the closely related plant, summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) is an annual plant. DescriptionIt grows to between {{convert|4|and|16|in|cm|-1|abbr=on|order=flip}} tall.[2][3] The leathery,[3] dark green,[1] leaves are opposite, oval-lanceolate, (or needle-like ,[2] 1–2 cm long and 5 mm broad. The flowers appear in summer,[2] between July and October,[8] and range from pale lavender, or pink to white.[3][3] The flowers are smaller than summer savoury flowers.[11] BiochemistryIt contains Carvacrol,[3] (a monoterpenoid phenol).[4] TaxonomyIt was first published by Carl Linnaeus in his book Species Plantarum on page 568 in 1753.[5][6] The Latin specific epithet montana refers to mountains or coming from mountains.[7] Also commonly known as 'mountain savory'.[3] Distribution and habitatSatureja montana is native to temperate areas between Europe,[1] the Mediterranean,[8] and Africa.[9]RangeIt has been naturalised in Great Britain.[9] HabitatIt can be found growing in old walls, on dry banks and rocks on hillsides,[9] or rocky mountain slopes.[10] Usually on calcareous,[9] or alkaline soils.[1] Cultivation and usesThere is evidence of its use about 2000 years ago by the ancient Romans and Greeks.[10] Easy to grow, it makes an attractive border plant for any culinary herb garden. It requires six hours of sun a day in soil that drains well.[11] In temperate climates it goes dormant in winter, putting out leaves on the bare stems again in the spring – do not cut the plant back, all those stems which appear dead will leaf out again. It is hardy and has a low bunching habit. It can be used within a herb garden as an edging plant.[10] It is hardy to USDA Zone 4.[2] It can be propagated from softwood cuttings.[1][31] It is used as a companion plant for beans, keeping bean weevils away, and also plant with roses, reducing mildew and aphids.[9][11][12] S. montana 'Nana is a known dwarf cultivar.[13]S. montana 'Prostrate White is a small white flowered form.[14]Culinary usesIn cooking, winter savory has a reputation for going very well with both beans and meats,[15] very often lighter meats such as chicken or turkey, and can be used in stuffing. It can also be used in soups and sauces. It has a strong flavour (more than summer savory),[10][16] while uncooked but loses much of its flavour under prolonged cooking. It can be added to breadcrumbs, as a coating to various meats including trout.[17] Medicinal usesWinter savory has been purported to have antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, and digestive benefits.[9][15] It has also been used as an expectorant and in the treatment of bee stings,[18][19][20] or insect bites, by the use of a poultice of the leaves.[15] The plant has a stronger action than the closely related summer savory.[15] Taken internally, it is said to be a remedy for colic and a cure for flatulence, whilst it is also used to treat gastro-enteritis, cystitis, nausea, diarrhoea, bronchial congestion, sore throat and menstrual disorders.[15] It should not be prescribed for pregnant women. Therapeutic-grade oil has been determined to inhibit growth of Candida albicans.[21] The plant is harvested in the summer when in flower and can be used fresh or dried. The essential oil forms an ingredient in lotions for the scalp in cases of incipient baldness.[11] An ointment made from the plant is used externally to relieve arthritic joints.[15] In traditional herbal medicine, summer savory was believed to be an aphrodisiac, while winter savory was believed to inhibit sexual desire (an anaphrodisiac).[3] A french herbalist Maurice Messegue claimed that savory was 'the herb of happiness'.[15] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Satureja montana winter savory|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/16484/i-Satureja-montana-i/Details|publisher=rhs.org.u|accessdate=28 September 2017}} 2. ^1 2 Bob Beckstrom, Karan Davis Cutler, Kathleen Fisher, Phillip Giroux, Judy Glattstein, Michael MacCaskey, Bill Marken, Charlie Nardozzi, Sally Roth, Marcia Tatroe, Lance Walheim and Ann Whitman {{google books|qW7Zo17oircC|Gardening All-in-One For Dummies|page=674}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Savory Satureja hortensis / Satureja montana|url=http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_savory.htm|publisher=herbs2000.com|accessdate=28 September 2017}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Vladić|first1=Jelena|last2=Zeković|first2=Zoran|last3=Jokić|first3=Stela|last4=Svilović|first4=Sandra|last5=Kovačević|first5=Strahinja|last6=Vidović|first6=Senka|title=Winter savory: Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and mathematical modeling of extraction process|journal=The Journal of Supercritical Fluids|date=November 2016|volume=117|pages=89–97|doi=10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.027|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0896844616301632|accessdate=28 September 2017}} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Satureja montana L. is an accepted name|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-185794|publisher=theplantlist.org|accessdate=29 September 2017|date=23 March 2012}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Lamiaceae Satureja montana L.|url=http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=457736-1|publisher=ipni.org|accessdate=29 September 2017}} 7. ^Archibald William Smith {{google books|ahNMkgoNJ7IC|A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins|page=239}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Gutzerová|first1=Naděžda|title=SATUREJA MONTANA L. – saturejka horská|url=http://botany.cz/cs/satureja-montana/|website=botany.cz|accessdate=14 January 2015}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Satureja montana - L.|url=http://pfaf.org/User/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Satureja+montana|publisher=pfaf.org|accessdate=28 September 2017}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|last1=Linford|first1=Jenny|title=A concise guide to herbs|date=2010|publisher=Parragon|location=Bath|isbn=9781405487993|page=210}} 11. ^1 2 Sandra-Jane Goddard {{google books|6j6sBwAAQBAJ|What Mary Knew|page=241}} 12. ^winter savory 13. ^{{cite web|title=Creeping Winter Savory 'Nana'|url=http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/160112/|publisher=davesgarden.com|accessdate=28 September 2017}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Winter savory|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/gardening/plants/plant_finder/plant_pages/831.shtml|publisher=bbc.co.uk|accessdate=28 September 2017}} 15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Terry Breverton {{google books|T4hhBQAAQBAJ|Breverton's Complete Herbal: A Book of Remarkable Plants and Their Uses|page=580}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=Savory recipes |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/savory|publisher=bbc.co.uk|accessdate=28 September 2017}} 17. ^1 K. V. Peter (Editor) {{google books|qUaT093PZFAC|Handbook of Herbs and Spices, Volume 2|page=95}} 18. ^1 Jane Eastoe {{google books|93gyeLatWYAC| Herbs: Inspiration and Practical Advice for Gardeners|page=85}} 19. ^Joan Parry Dutton {{google books|XTbQNSIaIoIC|Plants of Colonial Williamsburg: How to Identify 200 of Colonial America's ...|page=153}} 20. ^J. Ingle and Nicholas Culpeper {{google books|w2AUAAAAQAAJ|Pocket companion to Culpeper's herbal, or English physician|page=9}} 21. ^Oberg K, Rolling L, Oberg C. in The Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 2005;82:60-72 External links{{Commons category|Satureja montana}}
5 : Lamiaceae|Herbs|Flora of Europe|Plants described in 1753|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
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