| 词条 | Christian Cole (barrister) |
| 释义 |
LifeCole was the grandson of a slave,[3] and the adopted son of Reverend James Cole of Waterloo.[5] Prior to his studies at Oxford he was educated at Fourah Bay College in Freetown.[4] He enrolled at Oxford as a non-collegiate student in 1873, studying classics.[5] Short of money, he paid his way by teaching Responsions, one of the qualifying exams for Oxford degrees, and his classes were reportedly popular.[5] He also taught music lessons: a cartoon of the time depicts him playing a banjo.[5] Cole's popularity at the college is indicated by the fact that when his uncle died and his financial situation worsened, fellow students and the then Master of University College, George Bradley, raised money to help him.[4] Despite his financial problems and the disadvantages of being unattached to a college, he graduated in 1876 with a fourth-class honours degree[4] and in November of that year was accepted as a member of University College; a position he held until April 1880.[5][2] His presence drew a lot of attention, including press cartoons depicting him with racial stereotypes. His feelings about these reactions are not recorded, and he still took a very visible role in the life of the college,[5] including speaking at the Oxford Union.[4] Cole published two pamphlets, What Do Men Say about Negroes? and Reflections on the Zulu War by a Negro, B.A. in which he wrote: {{quote|Ye white men of EnglandOh tell, tell, I pray, If the curse of your land, Is not, day after day, To increase your possessions With reckless delight, To subdue many nations, And show them your might.[6]}} According to Michèle Mendelssohn, the American abolitionist Col. Thomas Wentworth Higginson saw Cole at Oxford and described him as “a very black youth from Africa” in a B.A. gown. "King Cole" was the name that Higginson heard the undergraduates call him.[7] On leaving Oxford in 1880 he returned to Sierra Leone, but did not find employment, so returned to England to train as a barrister.[5] He was accepted by the Inner Temple in 1883, thus becoming the first black African practising in English courts. He later went to Zanzibar to continue his career in law.[5] He died of smallpox in 1885, at the age of 33.[5] Pamela Roberts, Founder and Director of Black Oxford Untold Stories brought Christian Cole to the attention of University College Master, Sir Ivor Crewe, and the Colleges’ Governing Body with the aim of putting up a plaque to honour Cole’s significant achievements. On the 14 October 2017, Roberts and Sir Ivor Crewe unveiled a plaque to Christian Frederick Cole, located on University College’s exterior wall, in Logic Lane, opposite the College’s Law Library.[8] Written worksCole delivered lectures on education in Freetown, which were published in 1880.[5] In 1879,[9][10] he published his thoughts on the Anglo-Zulu war in Reflections on the Zulu War, By a Negro, BA., of University College, Oxford, and the Inner Temple.[5] In 2006, a copy of this pamphlet, which includes two poems, was put up for sale. Former students and staff of University College donated more than a thousand pounds to buy it for the college's library, where it now resides.[11][5] External links
Notes1. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://www.voice-online.co.uk/article/where-have-black-scholars-gone|title=Where have the black scholars gone?|last=Duncan|first=Natricia|date=26 October 2014|work=The Voice|access-date=2017-10-04|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cole, Christian}}2. ^1 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iMDmCwAAQBAJ|title=The University of Oxford: A History|last=Brockliss|first=L. W. B.|date=|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|isbn=9780199243563|location=|pages=410|language=en}} 3. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/oxford/content/articles/2008/10/14/black_history_feature.shtml|title=Black History Month|last=|first=|date=14 October 2008|website=BBC Oxford|language=en-gb|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-10-04}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-40429917 |title=Christian Cole: Oxford University's first black student |last=Liddell |first=Marcus |date=18 October 2017 |website=bbc.co.uk |access-date=18 October 2017}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KrvABQAAQBAJ&pg=PT34|title=Black Oxford: The Untold Stories of Oxford University's Black Scholars|last=Roberts|first=Pamela|date=2014|publisher=Andrews UK Limited|year=|isbn=9781909930148|location=|pages=|language=en|chapter=Christian Frederick Cole, 1852-85}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Making Oscar Wilde|last=Reflections on the Zulu War by a Negro, B.A. quoted in Mendelssohn|first=Michèle|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|isbn=9780198802365|location=|pages=38}} 7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1005105982|title=Making Oscar Wilde|last=Michèle|first=Mendelssohn|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2018|isbn=0198802366|edition=|location=|pages=37|oclc=1005105982}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Christian Cole Remembered|url=http://www.blackoxford.net/christian-cole-remembered|work=Black Oxford|year=2017|accessdate=2018-10-18}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EFTonQAACAAJ|title=Reflections on the Zulu War|website=books.google.co.uk|access-date=2017-10-04}} 10. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jfjPcFYcTHgC&pg=PA266|title=Anglo-Zulu War, 1879: A Selected Bibliography|last=Raugh Jr|first=Harold E.|date=2011-06-01|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=|isbn=9780810874671|location=|pages=266|language=en}} 11. ^{{Cite journal|last=|first=|year=2006|title=College News|url=https://univalumni.org/Document.Doc?id=34|journal=Univ Newsletter|publisher=University College, Oxford|volume=|issue=24|pages=3|via=}} 8 : Sierra Leonean people|Alumni of University College, Oxford|1852 births|1885 deaths|Lawyers from Africa|Members of the Inner Temple|Deaths from smallpox|Fourah Bay College alumni |
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。