| 词条 | Witter Bynner |
| 释义 |
| name = Witter Bynner | image = Portrait of Witter Bynner.jpg | caption= | image_size = | birth_date = {{birth date|1881|8|10}} | birth_place = Brooklyn, New York | death_date = {{death date and age|1968|6|1|1881|8|10}} | death_place = Santa Fe, New Mexico | death_cause = |resting_place = | occupation = Poet, writer | yearsactive = | spouse = | children = }} Harold Witter Bynner, also known by the pen name Emanuel Morgan, (August 10, 1881 – June 1, 1968) was an American poet, writer and scholar, known for his long residence in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and association with other literary figures there. Early lifeBynner was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Thomas Edgarton Bynner and the former Annie Louise Brewer. His domineering mother separated from his alcoholic father in December 1888 and moved with her two sons to Connecticut. The father died in 1891, and in 1892 the family moved to Brookline, Massachusetts. Bynner attended Brookline High School and was editor of its literary magazine. He entered Harvard University in 1898, where he was the first member of his class invited to join the student literary magazine, The Harvard Advocate, by its editor Wallace Stevens. He was also published in another of Harvard's literary journals, The Harvard Monthly. His favorite professor was George Santayana. While a student he took on the nickname "Hal" by which his friends would know him for the rest of his life. He enjoyed theater, opera, and symphony performances in Boston, and he became involved in the suffrage movement. He graduated from Harvard with honors in 1902. His first book of poems, An Ode to Harvard (later changed to Young Harvard), came out in 1907.[1] In 1911 he was the Harvard Phi Beta Kappa Poet.[2] New York and New HampshireAfter a trip to Europe, he took a position at McClure's Magazine and remained there for four years, meeting and socializing with many New York writers and artists. He then turned to independent writing and lecturing, living in Cornish, New Hampshire.[1] In 1916 he was one of the perpetrators, with Arthur Davison Ficke, a friend from Harvard, of an elaborate literary hoax. It involved a purported "Spectrist" school of poets, along the lines of the Imagists, based in Pittsburgh. Spectra, a slim collection, was published under the pseudonyms of Anne Knish (Ficke) and Emanuel Morgan (Bynner). Marjorie Allen Seiffert, writing as Elijah Hay, was also part of the "movement".[3] Bynner was friendly with Kahlil Gibran and introduced the writer to his publisher, Alfred A. Knopf, who went on to publish Gibran's The Prophet in 1923.[4] Gibran drew a portrait of Bynner in 1919. In New York, Bynner was a member of The Players club, the Harvard Club, and the MacDowell Club. In San Francisco, he joined the Bohemian Club.[5] Asia and BerkeleyBynner traveled with Ficke and others to Japan, Korea and China in 1917.[6] He had a short spell in academia in 1918–1919 at the University of California, Berkeley. He was hired to teach Oral English to the Students' Army Training Corps as a form of conscientious objector alternative service, and was invited to stay on in the English department after World War I ended to teach poetry. His students included several who became published poets of some note, such as Stanton A. Coblentz, Hildegarde Flanner, Idella Purnell, and Genevieve Taggard. In celebration of the end of the war, he composed A Canticle of Praise, performed in the Hearst Greek Theatre before some eight thousand people.[7] He met professor of Chinese Kiang Kang-hu and began an eleven-year collaboration with him on the translation of T'ang Dynasty poems. His teaching contract was not renewed, but his students continued to meet as a group and he occasionally joined them. An elaborate dinner honoring him was held at the Bohemian Club in San Francisco and a book of poems by students and friends, W.B. in California, was given to all who were present.[8] Bynner traveled to China from June 1920 to April 1921 for intensive study of Chinese literature and culture.[1] He met sculptor Beniamino Bufano en route.[9] He returned to California and went to see family in New York, then embarked on another lecture tour, which took him to Santa Fe, New Mexico in February 1922. Exhausted and suffering from a lingering cold, he decided to cancel the rest of his tour and rest there.[1] Santa Fe and MexicoAfter another trip to Berkeley, where he enlisted his former student Walter Willard 'Spud' Johnson to join him as his secretary (and lover), in June 1922 he moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Mabel Dodge Luhan introduced them to D.H. Lawrence and his wife Frieda, and Bynner and Johnson joined the Lawrences on a trip through Mexico in 1923. The trip led to several Lawrence essays and his novel The Plumed Serpent, including characters based on Bynner and Johnson. Bynner 's related writings include three poems about Lawrence, and Journey with Genius, a memoir published in 1951.[1] Mabel Dodge Luhan was not pleased about their trip, and she is said to have taken revenge on Bynner by hiring Johnson to be her own secretary. Bynner in turn wrote a play, Cake, satirizing her lifestyle. In 1930 Robert "Bob" Hunt (1906-1964) arrived, originally for a visit while recuperating from an illness, but he stayed on as Bynner's lifelong companion. Together they entertained artists and literary figures such as Ansel Adams, W. H. Auden, Willa Cather, Robert Frost, Martha Graham, Aldous Huxley, Christopher Isherwood, D. H. Lawrence, Edna St. Vincent Millay, James Merrill, Georgia O'Keeffe, Carl Sandburg, Igor Stravinsky, Carl Van Vechten, and Thornton Wilder. They also made frequent visits to a second home in Chapala, Mexico.[1] The home was purchased from Mexican architect Luis Barragán. Bynner spent much of the 1940s and early 1950s there, until he began to lose his eyesight. He returned to the U.S., received treatment, and traveled to Europe with Hunt, who by the late 1950s and early 1960s took increasing responsibility for the ailing poet. Hunt died of a heart attack in January 1964. Bynner served as president of the Poetry Society of America from 1921 to 1923.[10] To encourage young poets, he created the Witter Bynner Prize for Undergraduate Excellence in Poetry, administered by the Poetry Society in cooperation with Palms poetry magazine, of which he was associate editor. Two recipients of the award were Countee Cullen in 1925 and Langston Hughes in 1926. On January 18, 1965, Bynner had a severe stroke. He never recovered, and required constant care until he died on June 1, 1968. Hunt and Bynner's ashes are buried beneath the carved stone weeping dog at the house where he lived on Atalaya Hill in Santa Fe, now used as the president's home for St. John's College. LegacyBynner's home in Santa Fe is now a bed and breakfast called the Inn of the Turquoise Bear.[11] In 1972, the Witter Bynner Foundation for Poetry was founded through a bequest from Bynner. It makes grants to perpetuate the art of poetry, primarily by supporting individual poets, translations, and audience development. Since 1997, it has funded the Witter Bynner Fellowship, the recipient of which is selected by the U.S. Poet Laureate.[12] A Witter Bynner Poetry Prize was established by the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1980 to support young poets. It was discontinued in 2003. PublicationsBooks of poetry, plays and memoirs
Collaborations and contributions
Translations
Edited collections and anthologies
"The Works of Witter Bynner"
Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last1=Kraft |first1=James |title=Who Is Witter Bynner? A Biography |date=1995 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |location=Albuquerque, NM |isbn=0826316263}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of American Poetry: The Twentieth Century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=noCrAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA119|publisher=Routledge|date=2001|accessdate=23 August 2014}} 3. ^Smith, William Jay (1961). The Spectra Hoax. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press. 4. ^{{cite book |last1=Silverman |first1=Al |title=The Time of Their Lives: The Golden Age of Great American Book Publishers |date=2008 |publisher=Truman Talley |location=New York |isbn=9780312350031 |page=316}} 5. ^Herringshaw, Thomas William. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kykEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA387 American Elite and Sociologist Bluebook, p. 127]. American Blue Book Publishers, 1922. 6. ^Bynner, Witter (1981). Selected Letters. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux. 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Bynner|first1=Witter|title=A Canticle of Pan and Other Poems|date=1920|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|pages=vii|url=https://archive.org/stream/canticlepoems00bynnrich#|accessdate=23 August 2014}} 8. ^University of California web site, Hidden History of the Berkeley Campus project page. Accessed November 1, 2013. See also Lyman, William Whittingham, "Witter Bynner: A Tribute,' manuscript in the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. 9. ^{{cite book |last1=Wilkening |first1=H. |first2=Sonia |last2=Brown |year=1972 |title=Bufano: An Intimate Biography |location=Berkeley, CA |publisher=Howell-North Books |isbn=0831070897}} 10. ^"Witter Bynner," Harvard Square Library 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.turquoisebear.com/history.php|title=History, Inn of the Turquoise Bear|accessdate=23 August 2014}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bynnerfoundation.org/|title=Witter Bynner Foundation website|accessdate=23 August 2014}} References
External links{{commons category}}{{Wikiquote}}
20 : 1881 births|1968 deaths|20th-century American poets|American translators|Chinese–English translators|Gay writers|Harvard University alumni|LGBT poets|LGBT writers from the United States|People from Brookline, Massachusetts|Writers from Brooklyn|University of California, Berkeley faculty|Writers from Massachusetts|Writers from Santa Fe, New Mexico|Writers from New York City|20th-century translators|American male poets|LGBT people from New Mexico|Harvard Advocate alumni|20th-century American male writers |
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