| 词条 | Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel |
| 释义 |
| name = Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel | native_name = Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo | native_name_lang = pt | image = Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo, Salvador, Bahia-1117.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Facade of the Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel | map_type = Brazil | map_size = | map_alt = | map_relief = | map_caption = Location of the Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel in Brazil | coordinates = {{coord|-12.969201|-38.507507}} | coordinates_footnotes = | religious_affiliation=Catholic | rite=Roman | sect = | tradition = | festival = | cercle = | sector = | municipality = Salvador | district = | territory = | prefecture = | state = Bahia | province = | region = | country = Brazil | administration = | consecration_year = | organisational_status = | functional_status = | heritage_designation = 1941 | ownership = | governing_body = | leadership = | bhattaraka = | patron = | website = | architect = | architecture_type = | architecture_style = Baroque | founded_by = | creator = | funded_by = | general_contractor = | established = | groundbreaking = | year_completed = 1709 | construction_cost = | date_demolished = | facade_direction = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | interior_area = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | site_area = | temple_quantity = | monument_quantity = | shrine_quantity = | inscriptions = | materials = | elevation_m = | elevation_footnotes = | nrhp = | designated = | added = | refnum = | footnotes = {{designation list|embed = yes| designation1 = Brazil| designation1_date = 1938|designation1_number =82}} }} The Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel ({{lang-pt|Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo}}, also known as the Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Monte do Carmo) is an 18th-century Roman Catholic church in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. It is located adjacent to the Church and Convent of Our Lady of Mount Carmel (Igreja e Convento de Nossa Senhora do Carmo). The Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel was listed as a historic structure by National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1938 and is part of the Historic Center of Salvador UNESCO World Heritage Site.[2][3] HistoryThe Third Order of Mount Carmel was founded in Portugal in 1629. The Third Order of Mount Carmel in Salvador was established in 1636 in Bahia by Pedro Alves Botelho, a wholesale trader; Pedro da Silva, the governor of Bahia, was its first prior. Construction of the first church structure began in 1644 with permission from the Convent of Our Lady of Mount Carmel; the land was donated by residents of Salvador. The brotherhood was recognized by a papal bull on December 12, 1695 under the name of "Venerável Ordem Terceira da Mãe Santíssima e Soberana Senhora do Monte do Carmo", or the Venerable Third Order of the Holy Mother and Sovereign Lady of Monte do Carmo.[4][2] The church was destroyed by fire on the night of March 21, 1788. Numerous images and other artwork were saved or salvaged from the building. The Order decided to begin work to reconstruct the church in 1788, the same year of the fire, but was delayed by a lack of funds. Work began on the current structure in 1803; its facade was completed in 1855. The interior of the church was richly decorated. It was completed later in the century.[4][2][3] StructureThe Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel sits at the top of Ladeira do Carmo, a street leading north from the main squares of the Pelourinho. It is in close proximity to the Church of the Blessed Sacrament at Rua do Passo. The structure, of brick and stone masonry, is slightly set back from street level and is approached via a large staircase in stone. The structure is built around two courtyards. Its plan is vast in scale and consists of the church and sacristy, an ossuary, a consistory room (casa da mesa), and a house of saints (casa dos santos). The galleries are glazed.[3] ExteriorThe exterior of the church features a staircase, two towers with a frontispiece and pilasters, doorways of Lias stone. The style of the facade is eclectic; it has both Neoclassical elements of the period and Roccoco elements common to other churches in the Pelourinho. The decorative elements of the towers were considered old-fashioned at the time. InteriorThe floor plan of Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel is typical of eighteenth-century Bahian religious architecture. It has a single nave, side altars, side aisles with tribunes, a chancel, and a sacristy. The sacristy provides access to the ossuary in the lower level. The interior of the church is in the Neoclassical style, common to both church architecture in Salvador and across Brazil in the 18th century. The nave has an organ imported from France. The principal work of the church is cedar carving of Christ inlaid with rubies; the rubies represent 2,000 drops of blood. It is the work of Francisco Xavier Chagas and dates to 1730. The ceiling of the nave features figurative paintings by Teófilo de Jesus and were executed between 1815 and 1817. The statue of Our Lady of Mount Carmel on the altar is said to be a likeness of Isabel II, daughter of Garcia d'Ávila.[4][3][14] Notable artwork
Protected statusThe Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel was listed as a historic structure by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage in 1938. It is listed in the Book of Historical Works process no. 82.[3] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |title=Pequena guia das igrejas da Bahia |location=Salvador, Bahia |publisher=Prefeitura da Cidade do Salvador |date=1977 |pages=16-23}} [1][2][3][4]2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | last = Lins | first = Eugénio Ávila |url= http://www.hpip.org/Default/en/Homepage/Entry?a=1150 |title= Church of the Third Order of Mount Carmel |place= Lisbon, Portugal |year = 2012 |publisher=Heritage of Portuguese Influence/Património de Influência Portuguesa |accessdate=2017-03-29}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://portal.iphan.gov.br/ans.net/tema_consulta.asp?Linha=tc_belas.gif&Cod=1133 |title=Igreja e Casa da Ordem Terceira do Carmo (Salvador, BA) |language=pt | place = Brasília, Brazil |publisher=IPHAN |date=2017 |accessdate=2017-04-04 }} 4. ^1 2 {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=ENCICLOPÉDIA Itaú Cultural de Arte e Cultura Brasileiras |title=Francisco das Chagas |url=http://enciclopedia.itaucultural.org.br/pessoa282537/francisco-das-chagas |year=2015 |publisher=Itaú Cultural |location=São Paulo |accessdate=2018-12-04 }} }}{{commons category|Igreja da Ordem Terceira do Carmo, Salvador, Bahia}} 7 : Historic Center (Salvador)|Baroque church buildings in Brazil|Roman Catholic churches in Salvador, Bahia|18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings|National heritage sites of Bahia|Portuguese Colonial architecture in Brazil|1709 establishments in the Portuguese Empire |
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