| 词条 | Chōshichiyachi Shell Mound |
| 释义 |
|name = Chōshichiyachi Shell Midden |native_name =長七谷地貝塚 |alternate_name = |image = |alt = |caption = | map_type = Japan Aomori Prefecture#Japan | map_alt = Location in Japan | map_caption = Chōshichiyachi Shell Midden | map_size = 270px | relief = yes |coordinates = {{coord|40|34|19.2|N|141|27|31.7|E|display=inline}} | location = Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan | region = Tōhoku region | type = shell midden |part_of = |length = |width = |area = {{convert|30000|sqm|acres}} |height = {{convert|20|m|ft}} |builder = |material = |built = c.7000 BC |abandoned = |epochs = initial Jōmon period |cultures = |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = |archaeologists = |condition = | ownership = National Historic Site |management = |public_access = Yes |website = |notes = }}{{nihongo|Chōshichiyachi Shell Midden|長七谷地貝塚|Chōshichiyachi kaizuka}} is an early Jōmon period archaeological site in the city of Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. The remains were designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1981 by the Japanese government.[1] SiteThe location of the shell midden is on a river terrace on the right bank of the Gonohe River in northern Hachinohe, at an altitude of approximately 10 to 20 meters. The area was first surveyed by the Aomori Prefectural Cultural Heritage Expert Committee in 1958, and excavated extensively from 1977-1979 when the site became endangered by the construction on the nearby Kurono Industrial Park. The site dates from the initial Jōmon period (7000 BC) and the shell midden consisted of four separate middens with an average thickness of 40-50 centimeters, increasing to 1.1 meter near the remains of dwellings, indicating that the site had been occupied for many centuries, however no remains of pit dwellings have been discovered.[2] The midden contained the remnants of some 30 varieties of shellfish, bones of nine types of animals, three types of birds, birds and at least 20 different varieties of fish and an extremely large number of Hamaguri shells, indicating the importance of these clams in the early Jōmon period diet. Some of the shellfish in the midden are no longer found in the area, indicating that the ocean temperatures during this period were warmer than at present. The midden also contained shards of pottery marked with cord-patterns, as well as stone tools and implements and objects fashioned from bone (fishing hooks, needles, hairpins, etc.). Some of the fish bones were oceanic species (such as bonito and sea bass), and the presence of combination fish hooks and open socketed harpoon heads indicates that the local inhabitants had the capability of offshore fishing as well as gathering of marine resources from inner bay areas. Many of the artifacts recovered from the site are on display at the Hachinohe City Museum.[3] There are no public facilities at the site. The site has been submitted for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List as one of the Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regions[4][5] See also{{Portal|Archaeology|Japan}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://bunka.nii.ac.jp/heritages/detail/137584|title=長七谷地貝塚 ちょうしちやちかいづか|work=Cultural Heritage Online|publisher=Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan)|language=Japanese|accessdate=11 March 2017}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last=Habu|first=Junko|year=2001|title=Shell midden archaeology in Japan: Aquatic food acquisition and long-term change in the Jomon culture|journal=Quaternary International|volume=239|pages=19–27|url=http://scholar.berkeley.edu/junkohabu/files/jqi-shellmidden-habu_et_al._2011.pdf|language=English}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.city.hachinohe.aomori.jp/index.cfm/12,69660,129,63,html|title=国史跡 長七谷地貝塚|year=2016|work=Hachinohe City Home Page|language=Japanese|accessdate=11 March 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5398/ |title=Jômon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidô, Northern Tôhoku, and other regions |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=19 June 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dokyoi.pref.hokkaido.lg.jp/hk/bnh/wh.htm |script-title=ja:「北海道・北東北を中心とした縄文遺跡群」の世界文化遺産登録をめざして |trans-title=Towards World Heritage Inscription of "Jōmon Archaeological Sites in Hokkaidō, Northern Tōhoku, and other regions" |language=Japanese |publisher=Hokkaidō Government Board of Education |accessdate=9 November 2013}} External links
7 : Archaeological sites in Japan|Tourist attractions in Aomori Prefecture|Jōmon period|Hachinohe, Aomori|Shell middens in Japan|History of Aomori Prefecture|Historic Sites of Japan |
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