| 词条 | Clara Brawner |
| 释义 |
}} OverviewDr. Clara Arena Brawner (August 29, 1929 – October 4, 1991) was the only African-American woman physician in Memphis, Tennessee, in the mid-1950s.[1] Early lifeThe daughter of a pediatric physician and a registered nurse, Brawner was born in Georgia and raised in Memphis and attended Manassas High School.[2] Her parents are Dr. Jeff Brawner and Rena Darden Brawner.[3][4] Brawner had a younger sister named Alpha Brawner-Floyd, a world renowned soprano opera singer.[5][6][7] She attended Spelman College for her undergraduate education, then moved to Nashville, Tennessee for medical school, and followed in her father's footsteps by graduating from Meharry Medical College in 1954.[8] CareerAfter a yearlong internship at her alma mater, Meharry's Hubbard Hospital, Brawner returned to Memphis, where she practiced pediatrics at several hospitals.[8] Community involvementBrawner held numerous roles in her community and was affiliated with many health organizations. She was the chair of the Collins Chapel Hospital pediatrics department and its scientific research department, worked for the Veterans' Administration, and was a leader in the Bluff City Medical Society, the Memphis Department of Public Health, and the Shelby County Department of Public Health. She was a Fellow of the American Academy of Family Physicians, chaired the Family Practice Section of the National Medical Association,[9] and received many community service awards. Brawner was president and officer of the Bluff City Medical Society for 15 years, helping the organization to survive through the 1960s after the number of African-American physicians practicing in Memphis fell from 40 in 1930 to 12 in 1960. She was the first female president of the society and she was also the first female president of the Volunteer State Medical Association in 1963.[4][10] Brawner helped in starting the Memphis Health Center Clinic and she also served as the Medical Director of the Goodwill Homes for Children in the Greater Memphis Area. Brawner was very involved in her local religious community and an active member of Gospel Temple Baptist Church where she served as a Sunday School and Bible class teacher, Trustee Board member, Superintendent of Junior Ushers and chair of the Ministerial Council.[4] Awards[4]
Later lifeIn 1989, she began studying theology at the Memphis Theological Seminary, and continued her studies until her death in 1991.[8][4] ChildrenBrawner is survived by a daughter.[4] References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/97423713|title=Dr Clara Arena Brawner (1929-1991) - Find A Grave...|website=www.findagrave.com|access-date=2017-12-05}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Brawner, Clara}}2. ^{{Cite journal|last=McCleave|first=Benjamin F.|date=March 1966|title=Memphis Honors Dr. Wheelock A. Bisson|journal=Journal of the National Medical Association|volume=58|issue=2|pages=134–136|issn=0027-9684|pmc=2611068}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=clara+brawner+patients&source=bl&ots=-HD5ugIBN0&sig=w1GkiPMJpJyGM846mVAbbUi2vYw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_u6LDrenWAhUpzoMKHapGC_sQ6AEISDAJ#v=onepage&q=clara%20brawner%20patients&f=false|title=Jet|last=Company|first=Johnson Publishing|date=1961-10-26|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 DeCosta-Willis, Miriam (2008). Notable Black Memphians. Amherst, NY: Cambria Press. pp. 48–50. {{ISBN|9781621968634}}. 5. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YLkDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=alpha+brawner+new+york&source=bl&ots=BILui9Bnfa&sig=egGUMHaZBjbheXmSQWJNbTWsA2Y&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7tK_nuOnWAhXky4MKHXu9BqQQ6AEITzAK#v=onepage&q=alpha%20brawner%20new%20york&f=false|title=Jet|last=Company|first=Johnson Publishing|date=1965-12-16|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|language=en}} 6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2l4DQAAQBAJ&pg=PT150&lpg=PT150&dq=alpha+brawner+opera+singer&source=bl&ots=1vZjQc0D74&sig=1EfSUje-s2tLDzi9Yag5X7fLX2s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEguCUp-bWAhXrzIMKHXiDCBIQ6AEIRTAJ#v=onepage&q=alpha%20brawner%20opera%20singer&f=false|title=Time It Was: American Stories from the Sixties|last=Smith|first=Karen Manners|last2=Koster|first2=Tim|date=2016-11-03|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781315509273|language=en}} 7. ^Simmons, Gwendolyn Zoharah (2010). "From Little Memphis Girl to Mississippi Amazon". In Holsaert, Faith S.; Noonan, Martha Prescod Norman; Richardson, Judy; Robinson, Betty Garman; Smith Young, Jean; Zellner, Dorothy M. Hands on the Freedom Plow: Personal Accounts by Women in SNCC. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. pp. 9–32. {{ISBN|978-0-252-07888-0}}. 8. ^1 2 a b "Dr. Clara Arena Brawner". Changing the Face of Medicine. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved February 26, 2016. 9. ^^ Yarboro, Theodore L. (2015). "History of the Family Practice Section, National Medical Association". Journal of the National Medical Association. 107 (3): 76–77. doi:10.1016/S0027-9684(15)30056-0. {{PMID|27282728}}. 10. ^"History". Bluff City Medical Society. Retrieved 17 March 2017. 7 : American women physicians|African-American physicians|American pediatricians|1929 births|1991 deaths|Spelman College alumni|Meharry Medical College alumni |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。