“Wolstonian Stage”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Wolstonian Stage is a middle Pleistocene stage of the geological history of earth that precedes the Ipswichian Stage (Eemian Stage in Europe) and follows the Hoxnian Stage in the British Isles. The Wolstonian Stage apparently includes three periods of glaciation. The Wolstonian Stage is temporally analogous to the Warthe Stage and Saalian Stage in northern Europe and the Riss glaciation in the Alps, and temporally equivalent to all of the Illinoian Stage and the youngest part of the Pre-Illinoian Stage in North America. It is contemporaneous with the North American Pre-Illinoian A, Early Illinoian, and Late Illinoian glaciations.^[1] The Wolstonian Stage is equivalent to Marine Isotope stages 6 through 10.^[2]^[3] It started 352,000 years ago and ended 130,000 years ago.^[4]^[5]

The Wolstonian Stage was named after the site of Wolston in the English county of Warwickshire where corresponding deposits were first identified. Acheulian flint tools have been found in Wolstonian deposits.

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References

1. ^{{cite journal |author1=Richmond, G.M. |author2=Fullerton, D.S. |title=Summation of Quaternary glaciations in the United States of America |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |volume=5 |issue= |pages=183–196 |year=1986 |bibcode=1986QSRv....5..183R |doi=10.1016/0277-3791(86)90184-8 }}
2. ^{{cite journal |author=McMillan, A.A. |title=A provisional Quaternary and Neogene lithostratigraphic framework Great Britain |journal=Netherland Journal of Geosciences |volume=84 |issue=2 |pages=87–107 |year=2005 }}
3. ^{{cite web |author1=Gibbard, P.L. |author2=Boreham, S. |author3=Cohen, K.M. |author4=Moscariello, A. |title=Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years |date=2007 |work= |publisher=Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge |location=Cambridge UK |url=http://www.quaternary.stratigraphy.org.uk/correlation/POSTERSTRAT_v2007b_small.jpg |format=JPG 844 kb}}
4. ^Lisiecki, L.E., 2005, Ages of MIS boundaries. LR04 Benthic Stack Boston University, Boston, MA
5. ^{{cite journal |author=Lisiecki, L.E.|author2 = Raymo, M.E.|authorlink = Lorraine Lisiecki|authorlink2=Maureen Raymo |title=A Pliocene-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic d18O records |journal= Paleoceanography|volume=20 |issue= |pages=PA1003 |year=2005 |doi=10.1029/2004PA001071 |url=http://www.lorraine-lisiecki.com/LisieckiRaymo2005.pdf |format=PDF |bibcode=2005PalOc..20.1003L}}

External links

{{cite web |author=Aber, J.S. |title=Regional Glaciation of Kansas and Nebraska |date=2006 |work= |publisher=Emporia State University |location=Emporia KA |url=http://academic.emporia.edu/aberjame/ice/lec17/lec17.htm}}

{{cite web |author=Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy |title=Global correlation tables for the Quaternary |date=2007 |work= |publisher=Department of Geography, University of Cambridge |location=Cambridge UK |url=http://www.quaternary.stratigraphy.org.uk/correlation/chart.html}}

Gibbard, P., 2008a, Map 6. (Fluvial) Palaeogeography during the Saalian (Drenthe Substage) / Wolstonian glacial maximum. North West European Rivers, Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group, Cambridge, England. (Includes PDF file of map)

{{cite web |author=Gibbard, P. |title=Map 7: Maximum extent of the glaciation during the Saalian / Drenthe / Dneipr Stage (late Middle Pleistocene) |date=2008 |work= |publisher=North West European Rivers, Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group |location=Cambridge UK |url=http://www.qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk/research/projects/nweurorivers/saalianglaciation.html}} (Includes PDF file of map)

{{cite web |author=Gibbard, P. |title=Map 8: Latest Saalian to early Weichselian drainage during sea level lowstand |date=2008 |publisher=North West European Rivers, Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group |location=Cambridge UK |url=http://www.qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk/research/projects/nweurorivers/saalianglaciation.html}} (Includes PDF file of map)

{{cite web |author=Hallberg, G.R. |title=Illinoian and Pre-Illinoian stratigraphy of southeast Iowa and adjacent Illinois |date=1980 |work=Technical information Series. no. 11 |publisher=Iowa Geological Survey Bureau |location=Ames IA |url=http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/webapps/gsbpubs/pdf/TIS-11.pdf |format=PDF 19.3 Mb |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713105822/http://www.igsb.uiowa.edu/webapps/gsbpubs/pdf/TIS-11.pdf |archivedate=2010-07-13 |df= }}

Shotton, F.W., nd, [https://web.archive.org/web/20050306103231/http://www.staffs.ac.uk/schools/sciences/geography/staff/harrist/quatuk/quateastanglia.htm East Anglia and the English Midlands.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080220110547/http://www.staffs.ac.uk/schools/sciences/geography/staff/harrist/quatuk/quaternaryhome.htm Ice Age Britain.] The Shotton Project, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.

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