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词条 Climate of Brisbane
释义

  1. Temperatures

      Records of temperatures  

  2. Precipitation

  3. Sunshine

  4. Wind

  5. Temperature of sea

  6. See also

  7. References

Brisbane has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa)[1] with year-round period with warm to hot temperatures.[2][3]

Temperatures

Brisbane experiences an annual mean minimum of {{convert|16.6|°C|°F|0}} and mean maximum of {{convert|26.6|°C|°F|0}}, making it Australia's second-hottest capital city after Darwin.[4] Seasonality is not pronounced, and average maximum temperatures of above {{convert|26|°C|°F|0}} persist from October through to April.

Due to its proximity to the Coral Sea of the Pacific Ocean and a warm ocean current, Brisbane's overall temperature variability is somewhat less than most Australian capitals. Temperatures only occasionally reach {{convert|35|°C|°F|0}} or more. June and July are the coldest months, with average maximums of about {{convert|22|°C|°F|0}}; maximum temperatures below {{convert|20|°C|°F|0}} are rare. Brisbane has never recorded a sub-zero minimum temperature (with one exception at night), and minimums are generally warm to mild year-round, averaging about {{convert|21|°C|°F|0}} in summer and {{convert|11|°C|°F|0}} in coldest month.[4]

{{Weather box
| location = Brisbane (1999–2017)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 30.3
| Feb high C = 30.0
| Mar high C = 29.0
| Apr high C = 27.4
| May high C = 24.5
| Jun high C = 21.9
| Jul high C = 21.9
| Aug high C = 23.2
| Sep high C = 25.6
| Oct high C = 27.1
| Nov high C = 28.2
| Dec high C = 29.4
| year high C = 26.5
| Jan low C = 21.5
| Feb low C = 21.3
| Mar low C = 20.0
| Apr low C = 17.4
| May low C = 13.7
| Jun low C = 11.8
| Jul low C = 10.2
| Aug low C = 10.8
| Sep low C = 13.8
| Oct low C = 16.2
| Nov low C = 18.8
| Dec low C = 20.4
| year low C = 16.3
| source = Bureau of Meteorology.[6]
}}{{Weather box
| location = Brisbane Regional Office (1887–1986)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 29.4
| Feb high C = 29.0
| Mar high C = 28.0
| Apr high C = 26.1
| May high C = 23.2
| Jun high C = 20.9
| Jul high C = 20.4
| Aug high C = 21.8
| Sep high C = 24.0
| Oct high C = 26.1
| Nov high C = 27.8
| Dec high C = 29.1
| year high C = 25.5
| Jan low C = 20.7
| Feb low C = 20.6
| Mar low C = 19.4
| Apr low C = 16.6
| May low C = 13.3
| Jun low C = 10.9
| Jul low C = 9.5
| Aug low C = 10.3
| Sep low C = 12.9
| Oct low C = 15.8
| Nov low C = 18.1
| Dec low C = 19.8
| year low C = 15.7
| source = [7][5]
}}

Records of temperatures

The city's highest recorded temperature was {{convert|43.2|°C|°F|1}} on Australia Day 1940 at the Brisbane Regional Office,[6] with the highest temperature at the current station being {{convert|41.7|°C|°F|1}} on 22 February 2004;[7] but temperatures above {{convert|38|°C|°F|0}} are uncommon. On 19 July 2007, Brisbane's temperature fell below the freezing point for the first time since records began, registering {{convert|-0.1|°C|°F|1}} at the airport station.[8] The city station has never dropped below {{convert|2|°C|°F|0}},[6] with the average coldest night during winter being around {{convert|6|°C|°F|0}}, however locations directly west of Brisbane such as Ipswich have dropped as low as {{convert|-5|°C|°F|0}} with heavy ground frost.[9] In 2009, the current Brisbane weather station recorded its hottest winter day at {{convert|35.4|°C|°F|1}} on 24 August;[10] however, on the penultimate day of winter, the Brisbane Regional Office station recorded a temperature of {{convert|38.3|°C|°F|1}} on 22 September 1943.[11][12] The average July day however is around {{convert|22|°C|°F|0}} with sunny skies and low humidity, occasionally as high as {{convert|27|°C|°F|0}}, whilst maximum temperatures below {{convert|18|°C|°F|0}} are uncommon and usually associated with brief periods of cloud and winter rain.[6] The highest minimum temperature ever recorded in Brisbane was {{convert|28.0|°C|°F|1}} on 29 January 1940 and again on 21 January 2017, whilst the lowest maximum temperature was {{convert|10.2|°C|°F|1}} on 12 August 1954.[6]

{{Weather box
| location = Brisbane (1999–2017)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 40.0
| Feb record high C = 41.7
| Mar record high C = 37.9
| Apr record high C = 33.7
| May record high C = 30.7
| Jun record high C = 29.0
| Jul record high C = 28.2
| Aug record high C = 35.4
| Sep record high C = 37.0
| Oct record high C = 38.7
| Nov record high C = 38.9
| Dec record high C = 40.0
| year record high C = 41.7
| Jan record low C = 17.0
| Feb record low C = 16.5
| Mar record low C = 12.2
| Apr record low C = 10.0
| May record low C = 5.0
| Jun record low C = 5.0
| Jul record low C = 2.6
| Aug record low C = 4.1
| Sep record low C = 7.0
| Oct record low C = 8.8
| Nov record low C = 10.8
| Dec record low C = 14.0
| year record low C = 2.6
| source = Bureau of Meteorology.[6]
}}{{Weather box
| location = Brisbane Regional Office (1887–1986)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 43.2
| Feb record high C = 40.9
| Mar record high C = 38.8
| Apr record high C = 36.1
| May record high C = 32.4
| Jun record high C = 31.6
| Jul record high C = 29.1
| Aug record high C = 32.8
| Sep record high C = 38.3
| Oct record high C = 40.7
| Nov record high C = 41.2
| Dec record high C = 41.2
| year record high C = 43.2
| Jan record low C = 14.9
| Feb record low C = 14.7
| Mar record low C = 11.3
| Apr record low C = 6.9
| May record low C = 4.8
| Jun record low C = 2.4
| Jul record low C = 2.3
| Aug record low C = 2.7
| Sep record low C = 4.8
| Oct record low C = 6.3
| Nov record low C = 9.2
| Dec record low C = 13.5
| year record low C = 2.3
| source = [11][13]
}}

Precipitation

From November to March, thunderstorms are common over Brisbane, with the more severe events accompanied by large damaging hail stones, torrential rain and destructive winds. On an annual basis, Brisbane averages 124 clear days.[14] Dewpoints in the summer average at around {{convert|20|°C|°F|0}}; the apparent temperature exceeds {{convert|30|°C|°F|0}} on almost all summer days.[15]

Brisbane's wettest day occurred on 21 January 1887, when {{convert|465|mm|in}} of rain fell on the city, the highest maximum daily rainfall of Australia's capital cities. The wettest month on record was February 1893, when {{convert|1025.9|mm|in}} of rain fell, although in the last 30 years the record monthly rainfall has been a much lower {{convert|479.8|mm|in}} from December 2010. Very occasionally a whole month will pass with no recorded rainfall, the last time this happened was August 1991.[6]

From 2001 until 2010, Brisbane and surrounding temperate areas had been experiencing the most severe drought in over a century, with dam levels dropping to 16.9% of their capacity on 10 August 2007. Residents were mandated by local laws to observe level 6 water restrictions on gardening and other outdoor water usage. Per capita water usage was below 140 litres per day, giving Brisbane one of the lowest per capita usages of water of any developed city in the world.[16] On 9 January 2011, an upper low crossed north of Brisbane and dropped rainfall on an already saturated southeast coast of Queensland, resulting in severe flooding and damage in Brisbane and the surrounding area;[17] the same storm season also caused the water storage to climb to over 98% of maximum capacity and broke the drought.[18] Water restrictions have been replaced with water conservation measures that aim at a target of 200 litres per day/per person, but consumption is rarely over 160 litres. In November 2011, Brisbane saw 22 days with no recorded rainfall, which was the driest start to a November since 1919.[19]

{{Weather box
| location = Brisbane (1999–2017)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan rain mm = 151.8
| Feb rain mm = 142.5
| Mar rain mm = 109.7
| Apr rain mm = 67.4
| May rain mm = 67.9
| Jun rain mm = 68.4
| Jul rain mm = 24.0
| Aug rain mm = 40.6
| Sep rain mm = 31.6
| Oct rain mm = 69.0
| Nov rain mm = 100.1
| Dec rain mm = 131.0
| year rain mm = 1021.6
| Jan precipitation days = 12.2
| Feb precipitation days = 13.3
| Mar precipitation days = 14.2
| Apr precipitation days = 11.7
| May precipitation days = 9.5
| Jun precipitation days = 9.7
| Jul precipitation days = 7.3
| Aug precipitation days = 6.0
| Sep precipitation days = 7.8
| Oct precipitation days = 8.7
| Nov precipitation days = 11.3
| Dec precipitation days = 13.3
| year precipitation days = 125.0
| source = Bureau of Meteorology.[15]
}}

Sunshine

{{Weather box
| location = Brisbane (1999–2017)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
|Jan sun = 263.5
|Feb sun = 223.2
|Mar sun = 232.5
|Apr sun = 234.0
|May sun = 235.6
|Jun sun = 198.0
|Jul sun = 238.7
|Aug sun = 266.6
|Sep sun = 270.0
|Oct sun = 275.9
|Nov sun = 270.0
|Dec sun = 260.4
|year sun = 2968.4
| source = Bureau of Meteorology.[15]
}}

Wind

Brisbane also lies in the Tropical Cyclone risk area, although cyclones are rare. The last to affect Brisbane was Severe Tropical Cyclone Debbie in March 2017. The city is susceptible to severe thunderstorms in the spring and summer months; on 16 November 2008 a severe storm caused tremendous damage in the outer suburbs, most notably The Gap. Roofs were torn off houses and hundreds of trees were felled. More recently, on 27 November 2014, a very strong storm made a direct hit on the city centre.[20] Described as 'the worst storm in a decade,' very large hail, to the size of cricket balls, smashed skyscraper windows while a flash flood tore through the CBD. Wind gusts of {{convert|141|km/h|abbr=on}} were recorded in some suburbs, many houses were severely damaged, cars were destroyed and planes were flipped at the Brisbane and Archerfield Airports.[20] Dust storms in Brisbane are extremely rare; on 23 September 2009, however, a severe dust storm blanketed Brisbane, as well as other parts of eastern Australia.[21][22]

Temperature of sea

The average annual temperature of the sea ranges from {{convert|21.0|C|F}} in July to {{convert|27.0|C|F}} in February.[23]

See also

  • Climate of Australia
  • Geography of Brisbane
  • Environment of Australia
  • Australian region tropical cyclone
  • Climate change in Australia
  • Effects of global warming on Australia

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Climate: Brisbane – Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table|url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/6171/|publisher=Climate-Data.org|accessdate=28 August 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215043242/http://en.climate-data.org/location/6171/|archivedate=15 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Tapper|first=Andrew|last2=Tapper|first2=Nigel|title=The weather and climate of Australia and New Zealand|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Melbourne, Australia|isbn=978-0-19-558466-0|edition=Second|editor=Gray, Kathleen|page=346|chapter=Sub-Synoptic-Scale Processes and Phenomena}}
3. ^{{cite book | last = Linacre | first = Edward |author2=Geerts, Bart | title = Climates and Weather Explained | publisher=Routledge | location = London | year = 1997 | page = 379 | chapter = Southern Climates | url = https://books.google.com/?id=mkZa1KLHCAQC&lpg=PA379&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q= | isbn = 0-415-12519-7}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Climate statistics for Australian stations – Brisbane|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=12 February 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813072724/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml|archivedate=13 August 2017|df=dmy-all}}
5. ^http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=123&p_display_type=dailyDataFile&p_startYear=1986&p_c=-323581281&p_stn_num=040214
6. ^1 2 {{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_040214_All|site_name=Brisbane Regional Office|accessdate=15 January 2017}}
7. ^http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=122&p_display_type=dailyDataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=040913
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/articles/2007/07/19/1184559902397.html|title=Coldest day on record for Brisbane|work=The Brisbane Times|author=Daniel Sankey and Tony Moore|date=19 July 2007|accessdate=5 January 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012140228/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/articles/2007/07/19/1184559902397.html|archivedate=12 October 2007|df=dmy-all}}
9. ^{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_040004_All|site_name=AMBERLEY AMO|accessdate=9 February 2014|date=February 2014}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/hot-august-day-as-records-fall-20090824-evxp.html|title=Hot August day as Records Fall|work=The Brisbane Times|author=Unknown|date=24 August 2009|accessdate=31 August 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827141847/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/hot-august-day-as-records-fall-20090824-evxp.html|archivedate=27 August 2009|df=dmy-all}}
11. ^1 2 http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=122&p_display_type=dailyDataFile&p_startYear=1986&p_c=-323581085&p_stn_num=040214
12. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/australia/brisbane?month=9&year=1943 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=20 October 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020190842/https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/australia/brisbane?month=9&year=1943 |archivedate=20 October 2017 |df=dmy-all }}
13. ^http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=123&p_display_type=dailyDataFile&p_startYear=1986&p_c=-323581281&p_stn_num=040214
14. ^{{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_040223_All|site_name=Brisbane Aero|accessdate=20 November 2014}}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{BoM Aust stats|site_ref=cw_040913_All|site_name=Brisbane|accessdate=16 June 2013}}
16. ^{{cite web | title=Brisbane residents best water savers in world: Newman | work=ABC News | url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/27/2016895.htm | accessdate=19 March 2008 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520062353/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/08/27/2016895.htm | archivedate=20 May 2008 | df=dmy-all }}
17. ^{{cite web |title = Raging floods bear down on Brisbane |url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-01-11/raging-floods-bear-down-on-brisbane/1901406 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160205050909/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-01-11/raging-floods-bear-down-on-brisbane/1901406 |archivedate = 5 February 2016 |df = dmy-all }}
18. ^{{cite web|title=SEQWater latest dam levels |url=http://seqwater.com.au/public/dam-levels |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014150943/http://www.seqwater.com.au/public/dam-levels |archivedate=14 October 2012 }}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/time-to-chill-out-as-scorchers-near-end/story-e6freoof-1226201906261|title=November dry spell in Brisbane set to end as rain forecast|work=The Courier-Mail|accessdate=22 November 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212112321/http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/time-to-chill-out-as-scorchers-near-end/story-e6freoof-1226201906261|archivedate=12 February 2012|df=dmy-all}}
20. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-28/brisbane-storms-68000-residents-still-without-power/5924112|title=Brisbane storm: Tens of thousands of south-east Queensland residents still without power after 'worst storm in a decade'|accessdate=28 November 2014|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128075835/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-28/brisbane-storms-68000-residents-still-without-power/5924112|archivedate=28 November 2014|df=dmy-all}}
21. ^{{cite news | last = Cubby | first = Ben | title = Global warning: Sydney dust storm just the beginning | newspaper = Brisbane Times | location = Brisbane | date = 23 September 2009 | url = http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/opinion/society-and-culture/global-warning-sydney-dust-storm-just-the-beginning-20090923-g1fi.html | access-date = 25 September 2009 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090924211821/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/opinion/society-and-culture/global-warning-sydney-dust-storm-just-the-beginning-20090923-g1fi.html | archivedate = 24 September 2009 | df = dmy-all }}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/23/2694096.htm |title=Brisbane on alert as dust storms sweep east |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=23 September 2009 |access-date=4 November 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130154623/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/23/2694096.htm |archivedate=30 November 2010 |df=dmy-all }}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/australia/queensland/brisbane.php|title=Brisbane Climate Guide|accessdate=9 October 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005121104/http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/australia/queensland/brisbane.php|archivedate=5 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}
{{Brisbane}}

2 : Climate by city in Australia|Brisbane
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