“Battle of Bereza Kartuska”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Battle of Bereza Kartuska

释义

History
The second Battle of Bereza Kartuska
References

{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Battle of Bereza Kartuska
|image=PL-RU war 1919 phase II.svg
|image_size=360px
|caption=Polish-Soviet & Lithuanian-Soviet Wars of 1919: Polish & Lithuanian counterattacks marked in blue.
|partof=Polish-Soviet War
|date=14 February 1919 ^[1]
|place=Near Bereza Kartuska, near Brzesc, Belarus
|result=Polish victory
|combatant1= Poland
|combatant2= Bolshevist Russia
|commander1=Unknown
|commander2=Unknown
|strength1=62
|strength2=Unknown
|casualties1=Unknown
|casualties2=80 captured
|campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Polish-Soviet War|state=collapsed}}
}}

The Battle of Bereza Kartuska was fought between the combined forces of the Second Polish Republic and Soviet Russia around the village Bereza Kartuska (now Byaroza, Belarus) first on 14 February 1919, and again, between July 21 and July 26, 1920. Polish units crossing the border, invasion of Belarus. They attacked into the township of Bereza, and crossing the Neman river, taking Pinsk, and reaching the outskirts of Lida.

The first skirmish of Bereza is considered to be the initial engagement of the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921, by some historians.^[1]

History

After German and Polish representatives signed an evacuation agreement on 5 February 1919, the ten battalions of the newly formed Polish Army were to pass through German Oberkommando-Ostfront (Ober-Ost) lines at Wolkowysk to reach the Bolshevik front, where on 12 January 1919, the Soviet Supreme Command ordered a "reconnaissance in depth", codenamed Target Vistula.{{r|Davies}}

{{quote|It is problematical whether this [Soviet] operation, which bore the code name 'Target Vistula' was intended to bring the Red Army as conquering heroes into Warsaw. Its name suggest so. Yet the extremely tentative phrasing of its directives and the extremely parlous state of the Western Army suggests otherwise.{{r|Davies}}}}

In February 1919, both Soviet Russia and newly-reborn Poland were in their infancy, and both only months' old.{{r|Davies}}{{rp|31}} On 13 February 1919, at 7 in the morning, 57 Polish soldiers and 5 officers, led by Capt. Mienicki of the Polish Wilno Detachment, made a sortie into the township of Biaroza ({{lang-pl|Bereza}}), a small city to the east of Brzesc capturing 80 soldiers of the Red Army.^[2]{{rp|26-27}}

The second Battle of Bereza Kartuska

One year later, between July 21 and July 26, 1920, soldiers of the Polish 14th Infantry Division under General Daniel Konarzewski once again clashed with the Red Army in Bereza Kartuska, soon after the Battle of Warsaw (1920). Poles had retreated from Baranowicze, abandoning German Imperial Army fortifications, constructed there during World War One, and took defensive positions along the Jasiolda river. After three days of heavy fighting, the 14th I.D. once again was forced to retreat towards Kobryn, after burning the bridges on the Jasiolda river. The town of Bereza Kartuska was retaken by the Polish Army and, at the end of the Polish–Soviet War, ceded to Poland in the Peace of Riga signed by the Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus). The peace treaty remained in force until the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939.^[3].

References

1. ^¹For controversies about the naming and dating of this conflict, refer to the section devoted to this subject in the Polish-Soviet War article.
2. ^{{cite book |last=Davies |first=Norman |orig-year=1972 |title=White Eagle, Red Star: The Polish-Soviet War 1919-20 |location=London: Macdonald & Co., |ISBN=9780712606943 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3FWGRxVlSYC&q=Bereza+1919 |publisher=Random House |year=2011 |page=22 |author-link=Norman Davies}} ISBN for books.google.com: {{ISBN|1446466868}}
3. ^{{cite journal |first=Anna M. |last=Cienciala |author-link=Anna M. Cienciala |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515153155/http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect11.htm |title=The Rebirth of Poland |issue=History 557 Lecture Notes 11 B |journal=University of Kansas, Lecture Notes by Professor Anna M. Cienciala |date=Spring 2002 |at=Revised Fall 2007. Spring 2012 |via=Internet Archive |id=Poland and Soviet Russia: 1917-1921}}

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