| 词条 | Wonnarua |
| 释义 |
| above = Wonnarua people | abovestyle = background-color: #FFFF99 | subheader = aka: Wonnuaruah/Wonarua/Wannerawa{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=201}} | image1 = | caption1 = Hunter Region bioregion | headerstyle = background-color: #FFFF99 | header1 = Hierarchy | label2 = Language family: | data2 = Pama–Nyungan | label3 = Language branch: | data3 = Yuin–Kuric | label4 = Language group: | data4 = {{small|(??)}} | label5 = Group dialects: | data5 = Hunter River and Lake Macquarrie Language (Awabakal-Wanarruwa){{sfn|Hobson|2010|p=110}} | label6 = Group estate: | header20 = Area (approx. 5,200 sq. km) | label22 = Bioregion: | data22 = Hunter Region | label23 = Location: | data23 = Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales | label24 = Coordinates: | data24 = {{coord|32|35|S|150|50|E|region:AU-NSW|display=inline, title}}{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=201}} | label25 = Mountains: | data25 = {{Plainlist|
| label26 = Rivers | data26 = {{Plainlist|
| label27 = Other geological: | data27 = Yengo National Park{{sfn|Strategic Plan 2009–2019}} | label28 = Urban areas: | header30 = Notable individuals | data31 = Jackey Jackey }} The Wonnarua people, otherwise written Wanarruwa, are a group of indigenous people of Australia united by strong ties of kinship, and who survived in family groups or clans scattered along the inland area of what is now known as the Upper Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley.{{sfn|Maitland History: Wonnarua People}} LanguageThe language of the Wonnarua was a dialect of the language spoken in the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie region. The original name of the language, if it ever existed, is not known. However, linguists, in order to group these closely related dialects together, use the term "language of the Hunter River/Lake Macquarie" (HRLM). The term denotes the geographical location of the closely related dialects; it is not the name of the language group. The area extends from north of the Hawkesbury–MacDonald River (HMR) language and south of the Lower North Coast language (LNC). Exact geographical locations of the language groups are, at this stage, speculative.{{sfn|Wafer|Lissarrague|2008}} CountryTheir traditional territory, estimated to comprise an area extending over 2,000 sq. miles, spreads from the Upper Hunter River, above Maitland west to the Great Dividing Range, towards Wollombi.{{sfn|Tindale|1974|p=201}} The Wonnarua were bounded to the south by the Awabakal, to the north–west by the Nganyaywana, to the north–east by the Awabakal, and to the south–east by the Worimi peoples. The Wonnarua also had trade and ceremonial links with the Kamilaroi people. PeopleThe Wonnarua, at the beginning of contact with whites, are estimated to have numbered around 500.{{sfn|Miller|1887|p=352}} The Gringai were a clan of the Worimi,{{sfn|Tindale|1974}} whose traditional lands are in the Dungog area.{{sfn|Wafer|2014|p=63}} Native titleOn behalf of the Plains Clans of the Wonnarua People, Scott Franks and Anor put in a native title claim on 19 August 2013.{{sfn|Franks|Lester|2013}} The document claimed rights over an area of roughly {{convert|9,500|km2|mi2}}, embracing the catchment zone within the Great Dividing Range, the Liverpool Range, and the major rivers coming out of the Barringtons, under Yango. The claim included Singleton, Muswellbrook, Dungog, Maitland, and the shire council lands of the Upper Hunter.{{sfn|Meet the Mob|2015}} The legitimacy of the claim was recognised in January 2015 and duly registered in order to have a Federal Court deliberate over the claim and to make a determination.{{sfn|Newcastle Herald|2015}}{{sfn|McCarthy|2015}} Notable Wonnarua people
Alternative names
Notes{{notelist}}CitationsSources{{refbegin|30em}}
| newspaper = The Newcastle Herald | url = http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2821606/editorial-wonnarua-native-title-claim/ | date = 16 January 2015 | ref = {{harvid|Newcastle Herald|2015}} }}
| last1 = Franks | first1 = Scott | last2 = Lester | first2 = Robert John | publisher = National Native Title Tribunal | url = http://www.nntt.gov.au/searchRegApps/NativeTitleRegisters/Pages/RNTC_details.aspx?NNTT_Fileno=NC2013/006 | date = 19 August 2013 | ref = harv }}
| last = Frick | first = Erin | magazine = Australian Geographic | url = http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2014/03/hunter-valley-aboriginal-cave-slated-for-heritage-register | date = 6 March 2014 | ref = harv }}
| last = Hobson | first = John Robert | year = 2010 | publisher = Sydney University Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=V-ku44jjLEQC&pg=PA110 | isbn = 978-1-920-89955-4 | ref = harv }}
| last = Lissarrague | first = Amanda | year = 2006 | title = A salvage grammar and wordlist of the language from the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie | publisher = Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Cooperative | chapter-url = http://www.wonnarua.org.au/images/HRLM%20part%201.pdf | chapter-format = PDF | isbn = 0-9775351-0-X | ref = harv }}
| publisher = Australian Museum of Clothing and Textiles | url = https://sites.google.com/site/amcatmuseum/maitland-history | access-date = 12 May 2012 | ref = {{harvid|Maitland History: Wonnarua People}} }}
| last = McCarthy | first = Joanne | newspaper = The Newcastle Herald | url = http://www.theherald.com.au/story/2822229/native-title-game-changer-for-coal/ | date = 16 January 2015 | ref = harv }}
| publisher = ABC News, Newcastle | url = http://www.abc.net.au/local/audio/2015/06/12/4253959.htm | date = 12 June 2015 | ref = {{harvid|Meet the Mob|2015}} }}
| last = Miller | first = Robert | year = 1887 | title = The Australian race: its origins, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia, and the routes by which it spread itself over that continent | editor-last = Curr | editor-first = Edward | editor-link = Edward Micklethwaite Curr | volume = Volume 3 | pages = 352–357 | publisher = Government Printer | location = Melbourne | chapter-url = http://www.newcastle.edu.au/Resources/Divisions/Academic/Library/Cultural%20Collections/pdf/miller1886.pdf | chapter-format = PDF | ref = harv }}
| publisher = Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation | url = http://www.wonnarua.org.au/images/WNAC%20Strategic%20Plan.pdf | format = PDF | access-date = 13 May 2012 | ref = {{harvid|Strategic Plan 2009–2019}} }}
| last = Tindale | first = Norman Barnett | author-link = Norman Tindale | year = 1974 | title = Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names | publisher = Australian National University Press | chapter-url = http://archives.samuseum.sa.gov.au/tindaletribes/wonnarua.htm | isbn = 978-0-708-10741-6 | ref = harv }}
| last1 = Wafer | first1 = Jim | last2 = Lissarrague | first2 = Amanda | year = 2008 | publisher = Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative | location = Nambucca Heads, NSW | isbn = 978-0-977-53518-7 | ref = harv }}
| last = Wafer | first = Jim | year = 2014 | title = Indigenous and Minority Placenames Australian and International Perspectives | editor1-last = Clark | editor1-first = Ian D. | editor2-last = Hercus | editor2-first = Luise | editor2-link = Luise Hercus | editor3-last = Kostanski | editor3-first = Laura | publisher = Australilan National University | pages = 57–82 | jstor = j.ctt13www5z.7 | ref = harv }}{{refend}} Further reading
| editor-last = Galvin | editor-first = Eleanor | publisher = Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies | url = http://aiatsis.gov.au/research/guides-and-resources/language-and-people-bibliographies | format = PDF | date = May 2008 | access-date = 16 May 2010 | ref = harv }}
| last = Miller | first = James | year = 1985 | title = Koori: A Will To Win | publisher = Angus & Robertson | chapter-url = http://www.wonnarua.org.au/images/about%20the%20wonnarua%202.pdf | chapter-format = PDF | ref = harv }}{{refend}} External links
2 : Aboriginal peoples of New South Wales|Hunter Region |
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