| 词条 | Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–2000) |
| 释义 |
|name = Coat of arms of South Africa |image = Coat of Arms of South Africa (1932-2000).svg |alt = |image_width = 150 |middle = |middle_width = |middle_caption = |lesser = Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–1930).png |lesser_alt = |lesser_width = 100 |lesser_caption = The originally granted arms |image2 = |image2_alt = |image2_width = |image2_caption = |image3 = |image3_alt = |image3_width = |image3_caption = |armiger = Union of South Africa |year_adopted = 1910 |until = 2000 |crest = Lion holding four bound sticks |torse = |shield = Quarterly: The four provinces of South Africa |supporter = |supporters = Springbok and Gemsbok |compartment = |motto = Ex Unitate Vires |orders = |badge = |other_elements = |earlier_versions = |use = |notes = }} The coat of arms of South Africa between 1910 and 2000 was granted to the Union of South Africa by King George V and later amended by the British College of Arms. It contained representation of the four provinces within the Union. The coat of arms was later retained by the Republic of South Africa throughout the apartheid regime, and for a period after the end of apartheid.[1] The 1910 coat of arms was replaced in 2000 by a more Africanised coat of arms of South Africa. DescriptionThe coat of arms featured a shield quartered. In each quarter was a symbol of the four provinces of South Africa. An ox wagon representing Transvaal Province, a woman with an anchor representing Cape Province, two wildebeests representing Natal Province and an orange tree representing the Orange Free State Province.[1] The crest of the arms featured a lion holding four bound sticks.[2] The supporters were a springbok and a gemsbok.[3] Below the arms was the Latin motto, Ex Unitate Vires (translated as "Union Is Strength" but from 1961, translated as "Unity Is Strength").[4] The blazon (formal description of the arms in heraldic terms) is: "Quarterly per fesse wavy First Quarter Gules a female figure representing Hope resting the dexter arm upon a rock and supporting with the sinister hand an Anchor Argent Second Quarter Or two Wildebeesten in full course at random both proper Third Quarter Or upon an island an Orange tree Vert fructed proper Fourth Quarter Vert a Trek Waggon Argent And for the Crest On a Wreath of the Colours A Lion passant guardant Gules supporting with the dexter paw four staves erect alternately Argent and Azure and branded Or And for the Supporters, On the dexter side A Spring Buck and on the sinister side An Oryx (Gemsbuck) both proper together with the motto EX UNITATE VIRES."[3] HistoryWhen Cape Colony, Transvaal Colony, Natal Colony, and the Orange River Colony joined together as the Union of South Africa, it was determined that as a dominion within the British Empire, South Africa should have its own symbol. In 1910, King George V issued a royal warrant for a coat of arms for the Union of South Africa. The arms were then used to create the South Africa Red Ensign used unofficially as the national flag of South Africa until 1928, when the Oranje, Blanje, Blou was adopted. However, the South Africa Red Ensign continued to be used at sea as the merchant ensign until 1951.[5] In 1930, the London-based artist Kruger Gray designed an embellished version of the arms, which was officially adopted by the College of Arms in 1932.[6] In 1961, following the declaration of the Republic of South Africa, the Republic of South Africa Constitution Act made no reference to changing the coat of arms, and therefore the 1910 grant was retained.[7] During the apartheid era, a facsimile of the coat of arms was featured prominently on the back of the R20 denomination of the South African rand.[8] ReplacementFollowing the end of apartheid in the 1990s, the new Constitution of South Africa stated that the coat of arms would remain the same despite the flag and anthem changing.[2] Nevertheless the arms were still viewed as outdated as they had been created by the white British and Afrikaner minorities without input from the black majority.[9] In 1999, the Department of Arts and Culture held a contest to design a new coat of arms.[10] In 2000, the coat of arms was replaced on Freedom Day.[11] Despite the replacement, the old coat of arms was still used for official purposes after 2000. Until 2007, the South African passport was still issued with the old coat of arms on the cover.[12] This was attributed to the government's desire to use up old stocks of passports before issuing ones with the new design.[1][12] References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|author=Myolisi Gophe |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/sa-passports-still-carry-old-coat-of-arms-283048 |title=SA passports still carry old coat of arms |work=Independent Online|date=2006-06-26 |accessdate=2016-09-07}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Coat of arms of South Africa (1910-2000)}}2. ^1 {{cite web|last=Keller |first=Bill |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980CEED71526EE33BC4D53DFB26F958A |title=Symbols/The New South Africa – The First Emblems of Unity – A Little Something for Everyone |work=The New York Times |date=1994-05-08 |accessdate=2016-09-07}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|author=Bruce Berry|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/za)coa.html#old)|title=South Africa – Coat of Arms |publisher=Flags of the World|date=September 24, 2006|accessdate=2016-09-07}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.safariafrica.co.za/tourist-information/south-african-coat-of-arms.htm |title=South African Coat of Arms |publisher=Safariafrica.co.za |date= |accessdate=2016-09-07}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0018-229X2011000100003#8b |title=Flagging the "new" South Africa, 1910–2010 |publisher=Scielo |date= |accessdate=2016-09-07}} 6. ^{{cite book | author=South African Information Service | title =South Africa Official Yearbook 1993| publisher = South African State Department of Information | edition = | year = 1993 | isbn = | page = 247}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Republic_of_South_Africa_Constitution_Act,_1961 |title=Republic of South Africa Constitution Act, 1961 |publisher=Wikisource|date= |accessdate=2016-09-07}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://rhodesia.avvn-net.com/rsa_cur.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704234846/http://rhodesia.avvn-net.com/rsa_cur.htm|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2018-07-04|title=Suid-Afrikaanse Rand South African Rand Old Rand Notes (1970-1994)|work=Southern African Currency Page|author=Southern African Currency Page|access-date=4 July 2018|publisher=Southern African Currency Page|date=2018|quote=Van Riebeeck also featured on the reverse of the R20 note, albeit indirectly, with an image of van Riebeeck's landing party (three ships) and the (old) South African Coat of Arms, with the Latin motto "Ex Unitate Vires" -- "From Unity, Strength" (also translated as "Unity Creates Strength").}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4196976.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008201708/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4196976.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2016-10-08 |title=Finding Symbols For New S. Africa. Citizens Submit 7,000 Flag Designs |work=Chicago Sun-Times |subscription=yes|via=HighBeam |date= |accessdate=2016-09-07}} 10. ^{{cite book | first=Scott |last=Moeschberger | title =Symbols that Bind, Symbols that Divide: The Semiotics of Peace and Conflict| publisher = Springer | edition = | year = 2014 | isbn =3319054643 | page = 187}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-65802689.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008195212/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-65802689.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2016-10-08 |title=Archaeology and Symbolism in the New South African Coat of Arms |work=Antiquity |subscription=yes|via=HighBeam |date= |accessdate=2016-09-07}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/passports-get-new-coat-of-arms-377637 |title=Passports get new Coat of Arms |work=Independent Online|date=2007-11-05 |accessdate=2016-09-07}} 8 : Coats of arms with anchors|Coats of arms with antelope|Coats of arms with cattle|Coats of arms with lions|Coats of arms with trees|National coats of arms|National symbols of South Africa|South African heraldry |
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