| 词条 | Coat of arms of the Sakha Republic | |||||
| 释义 |
|name = Sakha Republic |image = Coat of Arms of Sakha (Yakutia).svg |alt = |image_width = |middle = |middle_width = |middle_caption = |lesser = |lesser_alt = |lesser_width = |lesser_caption = |image2 = Emblem of the Yakut ASSR.svg |image2_alt = |image2_width = |image2_caption = Emblem of the Sakha Republic under Soviet rule as Yakut ASSR |image3 = Якутская область МВД Бенке.jpg |image3_alt = |image3_width = |image3_caption = Coat of arms of the Yakutsk Oblast |armiger = Sakha Republic |year_adopted = 26 December 1992 |until = |crest = |torse = |shield = |supporter = |supporters = |compartment = |motto = Республика Саха (Якутия) • Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ |orders = |badge = |other_elements = |earlier_versions = |use = |notes = }} The coat of arms of the Sakha Republic ({{lang-sah|Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтин дьаралыга}}, Sakha Öröspüübülüketin caralıga; {{lang-ru|Герб Республики Саха}}, Gerb Respubliki Sakha), in the Russian Federation, is one of the official symbol of the Sakha Republic, alongside with the flag and the national anthem of the Sakha Republic. The coat of arms consisted of a circle, of which in the center is an red silhouette of a horse rider with a six-legged horse holding a banner, based on the caveman paintings of the "Shishkin pisanitsa", against a white sun background. The image is place on a frame with traditional national ornament in the form of seven rhombic crystal-like figures and the inscriptions "Республика Саха (Якутия) • Саха Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ".[1]The coat of arms was used officially since 26 December 1992.[2] Prior to 1992, the Sakha Republic existed as the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Prior to 1937, Yakut ASSR used a coat of arms with the basis of korenizatsiya, on which it contained the depiction of the Lena River, Aurora, and the name of the ASSR. After 1937, the coat of arms of the Yakut ASSR is identical with the emblem of the Russian SFSR. SymbolismThe central element of the coat of arms is an image of an ancient rider with a banner. The image was one of the rock paintings found near the village of Shishkino in 1745 by members of the Great Northern Expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The painting was believed to be made by Kurykans. Scientists believe that the rider depicted in the painting are the leaders of the clans and tribes of the Kurykans. The red banner in the image symbolized the unity and the strength of the Kurykan tribes.[3] The seven rhombic crystal-like figures of faceted diamonds symbolizes one of the natural resources of the republic. The amount of the faceted diamonds also symbolizes the unity of the peoples living in Yakutia : Yakuts, Russians, Evenks, Evens, Chukchi, Dolgans, and Yukagirs.[4] HistoryAs the Yakutsk OblastThe coat of arms of the Yakutsk Oblast was approved on 5 July 1878. The coat of arms consisted of silver shield, with a black eagle holding a scarlet sable in its claws. The shield is decorated with the Tsar's crown and is surrounded by golden oak leaves, interwined by Alexander's ribbon.[5] As the Yakut ASSR{{further|Emblem of the Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic}}The first emblem of the Yakut ASSR was described in the 1926 Constitution of the Yakut ASSR, which was approved on the 4th All-Yakutsk Congress of Soviets on 13 February 1926,[6] and was introduced by resolution of the 2nd session of the Yakut Central Executive Committee on the 4th convocation of September 17, 1926.[7]The depiction of the emblem is still unknown. The emblem of the Yakut ASSR was described in the 1937 Constitution of the Yakut ASSR, which was adopted by the Central Executive Committee of the Yakut ASSR on 9 March 1937, at the 9th Extraordinary Congress of Soviets of the Yakut ASSR.[8] The emblem was the same with the emblem of the Russian SFSR. The only difference was some additional inscriptions.[9] These inscriptions changed after a new alphabet for the Yakut language was approved by a decree of the People's Commissar of Education of the Soviet Union.[10] Some additions was enacted after the adoption of the new constitution of the Yakut ASSR on May 31, 1978. A red star with yellow border was added to the top of the emblem, and the position of the inscriptions was re-arranged.[11] As the Sakha (Yakut) RepublicOn April 4, 1992, the Sakha Republic adopted a new constitution. The coat of arms of the Sakha Republic had not been made, so the constitution only states that : {{quote|text=The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has the State Emblem, the National Flag and the National Anthem.|source=Constitution of the Sakha Republic (1992), Article 140[12]}}The description of the coat of arms was approved and was inserted into the Constitution of the Sakha Republic by the amendments of July 22, 2008.[13] {{quote|text=The coat of arms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is a circle in the center of which is an image of an ancient rider with a banner from the rock carvings of the Lena River, against the background of a solar disk - a shield placed in a frame with the traditional national ornament in the form of seven rhombic crystal-like figures and the inscriptions "Республика Саха (Якутия)" and "Саха Республиката".In the colored version of the coat of arms of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the sun is in silver, the rider is in dark red, the frame is in dark blue, and the ornament and the inscription are in white.|source=Constitution of the Sakha Republic (1992, amended 2008), Article 47.2[14]}} Word changeIn June 2016, the government enacted a word change of the word "Republic" in the Yakut language. The Yakut word for Republic, Республиката, was changed into Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ.{{efn|This change was intended to bring back the original Yakut word, based on the Novgorodov Alphabet : ꭢrꭢspy:bylykete.[15] The transition from Өрөспүүбүлүкэтэ to Республиката itself occurred in 1939, after the transition of Yakut language to the Cyrilic script.}} This change affected the inscriptions on the coat of arms.[16] On June 15, 2016, to officially adopt this change of word, the constitution was amended, and on 25 October 2016, the inscription on the coat of arms was changed by the Law "On the Official Symbols of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)".[17] Designers
ReferencesNotes{{notelist}}Citations1. ^{{harvnb|Supreme Council of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic|2008|p=19}} 2. ^{{harvnb|Supreme Council of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic|2008|p=19}} 3. ^{{harvnb|Saprykov|1995|p=29-32}} 4. ^{{harvnb|Saprykov|1995|p=29-32}} 5. ^{{harvnb|Spatkay|2018|p=446}} 6. ^{{harvnb|Central State Archive of the Yakut ASSR|1972|p=74}} 7. ^{{harvnb|Central State Archive of the Yakut ASSR|1972|p=338}} 8. ^{{harvnb|Supreme Soviet of the Yakut ASSR|1937|p=4}} 9. ^{{harvnb|Supreme Soviet of the Yakut ASSR|1937|p=33}} 10. ^{{harvnb|Petrov|1973|pp=284–301}} 11. ^{{harvnb|Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR|1979|p=664}} 12. ^{{harvnb|Fedorov|1994|p=248}} 13. ^{{harvnb|Supreme Council of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic|2008|p=5}} 14. ^{{harvnb|Supreme Council of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic|2008|p=19}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2012/12044r-yakut.pdf|title=Second revised proposal to encode four historic Latin letters for Sakha (Yakut)|first1=Ilya|last1=Yevlampiev|first2=Nurlan|last2=Jumagueldinov|first3=Karl|last3=Pentzlin|date=2012-04-26}} 16. ^{{cite news|author=|date=October 3, 2016|title=Глава Якутии предложил изменить герб республики|trans-title=The leader of Yakutia proposed to change the emblem of the republic|url=http://www2.news.ykt.ru/article/48196|language=Russian|work= |location= |access-date=December 16, 2018}} 17. ^{{cite news|author=|date=January 11, 2017|title=В Якутии изменили герб республики|trans-title=Yakutia changed the coat of arms of the republic|url=http://news.ykt.ru/article/51996|language=Russian|work= |location= |access-date=December 16, 2018}} 18. ^{{harvnb|Potapov|1994|p=60}} 19. ^{{harvnb|Potapov|1994|p=60}} 20. ^{{harvnb|Potapov|1994|p=60}} 21. ^{{harvnb|Potapov|1994|p=60}} BibliographyConstitutions
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