1. Terminology

2. Differences from standard Shift JIS
     Double-byte character differences    Single-byte character differences  

3. Layout

4. See also

5. References

6. External links
     Microsoft related    IBM related  

Microsoft Windows code page 932 (abbreviated MS932,^[1][2] Windows-932^[2] or ambiguously CP932^[3]), also called Windows-31J amongst other names (see § Terminology below), is the Microsoft Windows code page for the Japanese language, which is an extended variant of the Shift JIS Japanese character encoding. It contains standard 7-bit ASCII codes, and Japanese characters are indicated by the high bit of the first byte being set to 1. Some code points in this page require a second byte, so characters use either 8 or 16 bits for encoding.

IBM offer the same extended double-byte codes in their code page 943 (IBM-943 or CP943),^[4] which is a combination of the single-byte Code page 897 and the double-byte Code page 941.^[5]

Terminology

Microsoft's Shift JIS variant is known simply as "Code page 932" on Microsoft Windows, however this is ambiguous as IBM's code page 932, while also a Shift JIS variant, lacks the NEC and NEC-selected double-byte vendor extensions which are present in Microsoft's variant (although both include the IBM extensions) and preserves the 1978 ordering of JIS X 0208.^[4]

IBM's code page 943 (or "IBM-943") includes the same double byte codes as Windows code page 932.^[4] Microsoft's version corresponds closely to the encoding referred to as ibm-943_P15A-2003 (with aliases including CP943C and Windows-932)^[2] in International Components for Unicode (ICU). There is also a second ICU encoding named ibm-943_P130-1999,^[10] which uses different single-byte mappings which more closely match IBM's code page definitions. (See § Single-byte character differences below for details.)

Windows code page 932 is registered with the IANA as Windows-31J.^[6] The "Windows-31J" label is IANA's and not recognized by Microsoft, which has historically used "shift_jis" instead.^[7] The W3C/WHATWG encoding standard used by HTML5 treats the label "shift_jis" interchangeably with "windows-31j" with the intent of being "compatible with deployed content"^[8] and matches Windows code page 932 (including the "formerly proprietary extensions from IBM and NEC").^[9]

Windows code page 932 is also called MS_Kanji,^[2][10] although IANA treat MS_Kanji as an alias for standard Shift JIS.^[6]

In Japanese editions of Windows, this code page is referred to as "ANSI", since it is the operating system's default 8-bit encoding, even though ANSI was not involved in its definition.

Differences from standard Shift JIS

Windows-31J is often mistaken for standard Shift JIS (as defined in JIS X 0208:1997 Appendix 1): while similar, the distinction is significant for computer programmers wishing to avoid mojibake.

Double-byte character differences

In addition to the standard JIS X 0201:1997 and JIS X 0208:1997 characters, Windows-31J includes several JIS X 0208 extensions, namely "NEC special characters (Row 13), NEC selection of IBM extensions (Rows 89 to 92), and IBM extensions (Rows 115 to 119)",^[6] in addition to setting some encoding space aside for end user definition.^[11] This also differs from IBM-932, which does not include the NEC extensions or NEC selection.^[4]

Some of these representations were subsequently used for different characters by JIS X 0213 and Shift JIS-2004. For example, compare row 89 in JIS X 0213 (beginning 硃, 硎, 硏…)^[12] to row 89 as used by JIS X 0208 with IBM/NEC extensions (beginning 纊, 褜, 鍈…).^[13] Consequently, Shift JIS-2004 is not compatible with Windows-31J.

In addition to the above, Microsoft uses different (but visually similar) Unicode mapping for several double-byte punctuation characters compared to standard Shift JIS, such as the wave dash being mapped to U+FF5E rather than U+301C,^[14] which is followed by ibm-943_P15A-2003^[15] but not ibm-943_P130-1999,^[16] and using different mapping for the double byte backslash.^[14]

Single-byte character differences

Windows-932 includes standard 7-bit ASCII mappings for single-byte sequences with the high bit set to 0. Hence, codes 0x5C and 0x7E are mapped to Unicode as U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS (\\, the backslash) and U+007E TILDE (~) respectively,^[17][18][14] as they are in ASCII (ISO-646-US). This is likewise done by the W3C/WHATWG encoding standard.^[19] By contrast, 0x5C is mapped to U+00A5 YEN SIGN (¥) in ISO-646-JP and consequently JIS X 0201, of which standard Shift JIS is an extension. Correspondingly, Windows-31J avoids duplicate encoding of the backslash by mapping the double byte 0x815F to U+FF3C FULLWIDTH REVERSE SOLIDUS, whereas standard Shift JIS maps it to U+005C.^[14]

However, 0x5C in Windows-932 is nonetheless considered a Yen sign in certain contexts.^[20] For this reason, in many Japanese fonts, U+005C is displayed as a Yen symbol, which would normally be represented as U+00A5, rather than as a backslash per Unicode's suggested rendering. U+00A5 is one-way best-fit mapped onto 0x5C in Windows-932. However, code 0x5C in Windows-932 behaves as a reverse solidus (backslash) in all respects (e.g. in file paths on Windows systems) other than how it is displayed by some fonts,^[20] and Microsoft's documentation for Windows-932 displays 0x5C as a backslash.^[18] This mapping^[17] corresponds to the encoding named "ibm-943_P15A-2003" in International Components for Unicode (ICU),^[2] except for minor reordering of a few C0 control characters.

IBM-943, like IBM-932,^[4] is a superset of the single-byte Code page 897,^[5] which maps 0x5C to the Yen symbol (¥) and 0x7E to the overline (‾),^[21] this is followed by the encoding named "ibm-943_P130-1999" in ICU.^[22] Code page 897 (and therefore also IBM-943 and IBM-932) also adds single-byte box-drawing characters replacing certain C0 control characters,^[21] however these may still be treated as control characters depending on the context,^[23] and are mapped to control characters in ICU.^[22]

Layout

See also

• LMBCS-16
• Code page 942

References

External links

Microsoft related

• [https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc194887.aspx Microsoft's Reference for Windows Code Page 932]
• [https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WindowsBestFit/bestfit932.txt Code page file for MS932]
• [https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP932.TXT Mapping of Microsoft's Code Page 932 to Unicode]
• ICU Code Page 943C (ibm-943_P15A-2003 alias windows-31j) demonstration

IBM related

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20160315110642/http://www-01.ibm.com/software/globalization/ccsid/ccsid943.html IBM's documentation of Code Page 943]
• ICU Code Page 943 (ibm-943_P130-1999) demonstration
• ICU mapping for ibm-943_P130-1999 to Unicode

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