| 词条 | Woodward, Oklahoma |
| 释义 |
|name = Woodward, Oklahoma |settlement_type = City |nickname = |motto = "Energy For Life" |image_skyline = Woodward1910.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Main Street, c. 1910 |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = OKMap-doton-Woodward.PNG |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Woodward, Oklahoma |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Oklahoma |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Woodward |government_footnotes = |government_type = City Manager Commission |leader_title = City Manager |leader_name = Alan Riffel |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 34.2 |area_land_km2 = 34.0 |area_water_km2 = 0.2 |area_total_sq_mi = 13.2 |area_land_sq_mi = 13.1 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.1 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 12051 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_density_sq_mi = auto |timezone = Central (CST) |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = -5 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 582 |elevation_ft = 1909 |coordinates = {{coord|36|25|59|N|99|23|52|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 73801-73802 |area_code = 580 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 40-82150 [1] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 1100006 [2] |website = cityofwoodward.com |footnotes = }} Woodward is a city in and the county seat of Woodward County, Oklahoma, United States.[3] It is the largest city in a nine-county area.[4] The population was 12,051 at the 2010 census. The area was historically occupied by the Kiowa, Comanche, Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes.[4] European-American settlers established the town in 1887 after construction of the railroad to that point for shipping cattle to markets. The town was on the Great Western Cattle Trail. In the 19th century, it was one of the most important depots in the Oklahoma Territory for shipping cattle to the East. As an important cattle town, it had the rough frontier bawdiness of the time.[6] The United States opened up much of the area to European-American settlement by the Land Run of 1893, and migrants rushed into the area. Boiling Springs State Park, named for its artesian springs that seem to boil, has been established east of the city. Federal dockets were held annually in November through 1948, and sporadically at need after that. HistoryNative American settlementFor thousands of years, succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples inhabited the areas along the North Canadian River. The Plains tribes adopted use of the horse from the Spanish settlers in the 17th and 18th centuries, which greatly increased their range of nomadic hunting. Before the American Civil War, the historic Plains tribes of the Kiowa, Comanche, Apache, Cheyenne, and Arapaho occupied this area.[4] Boiling Springs, near present-day Woodward, was a favorite campsite of the Plains Indians. A battle between the Kiowa and Cheyenne tribes took place nearby in 1838.[4] The Kiowa and Comanche tribes also battled the United States Army in 1868 in this area, when the US redeployed troops after the Civil War against Native Americans in the West.[5] In the late 19th century, these tribes fought numerous battles against the United States soldiers and settlers through a wide area around the springs. After the war, United States Army made various expeditions against the Plains tribes in the Cherokee Outlet. Lieutenant Colonels Alfred Sully and George Armstrong Custer, and General Philip Sheridan, stationed nearby at Fort Supply, led these expeditions. In the 1880s, the Comanche considered this area as part of their "Comancheria", the unofficial name of their territory, which stretched from Kansas to Mexico.[5] Settlement as a TownIn April 1887, the Southern Kansas Railway, a subsidiary of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, built tracks from Kiowa, Kansas to Fort Reno Military Road near the south bank of the North Canadian River.[6] European-American settlers established Woodward at this junction. The source of the name of the town a mystery. People perhaps named the town for Brinton W. Woodward, usually identified as a Santa Fe Railway director, or bison hunter, teamster, and eventually local saddle-maker Richard "Uncle Dick" Woodward. The town quickly developed as an important shipping point, both for provisioning Fort Supply and as a place for loading cattle grazed in the Cherokee Outlet for shipment to eastern markets. Woodward ranked among the most important depots in the Oklahoma Territory for shipping cattle to the Eastern and Northern states. The Great Western Cattle Trail met the railroad where Woodward developed. In the summer of 1893, carpenters erected the first government building at the railroad depot, called Woodward. Woodward then had 200 residents. On September 16, 1893, officials opened the Cherokee Outlet across northern Oklahoma, which more than 50,000 migrants settled in the greatest land run in American history. A surveying error then caused location of the government town, its land office, and other public buildings in the section west of the existing improvements, 15 blocks away from the depot, post office, and stockyards. Since territorial days, Woodward served as the county seat of Woodward County. Two towns developed: East Woodward, called Denver, began near the improvements, and Woodward began near the land office. In October 1894, people moved the depot west and relocated it between 5th Street and 6th Street; East Woodward businesses followed the depot. Government in time moved the land office, jail, and other buildings east toward the depot. The towns merged into one. The joining resulted in the curve in the long Main Street of the town at 8th Street, originally Boundary Street. On March 13, 1894, outlaws Bill Doolin and Bill Dalton robbed the railroad station at Woodward, taking an undisclosed amount of money. Like Dodge City, Kansas, to the North, Woodward boasted a cattle town array of saloons, gambling halls, and brothels. Drovers widely knew the Equity, Midway, Shamrock, and Cabinet saloons of Woodward and the Dew Drop Inn as their watering holes at the end of a cattle drive. Dollie Kezer worked at some of most famous brothels of Denver, Colorado, and Horace Tabor threw lavish parties that she attended before coming to Woodward, where she owned and managed the Dew Drop Inn, which served as another watering hole and also as a brothel. In 1894, Temple Lea Houston, former Texas state senator and son of Samuel Houston, moved his law practice and family to Woodward. After a personal disagreement in the Cabinet Saloon with the brother and father of the outlaw Al Jennings, Houston shot and killed the brother. Jack E. Love joined his close friend, Temple Lea Houston, in the gunfight. The events slowed the career of neither man. Authorities in Woodward charged and tried Houston for murder, but a jury acquitted him on grounds of self-defense. Houston won a reputation as a brilliant trial lawyer, known for his courtroom dramatics. He delivered his "Soiled Dove Plea" in a makeshift courtroom in the Woodward opera house, arguing on behalf of a prostitute who worked at the Dew Drop Inn; after ten minutes' consideration, the jury acquitted her. Houston died in 1905 in Woodward and is buried there. People later elected Jack E. Love to the Oklahoma Corporation Commission, and he served as its first chairman. Woodward ranked as one of the most extensive cattle shipping points in Oklahoma Territory. Some men rode for the large cattle outfits of the 1890s and later developed rodeo as a sport. Cow ponies, tied to hitching posts, lined the sandy Main Street. When open range ended in 1901, however, homesteaders rushed into Woodward County. By late 1902 farmers' wagons filled with corn, cotton, or sorghum crops for market had already replaced the cow ponies. On September 7, 1907, William Jennings Bryan spoke to 20,000 people gathered in Woodward, urging the ratification of proposed state constitution of Oklahoma and the election of a Democratic Party ticket. Two months later, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the act of Congress proclaiming admission of Oklahoma as a state, using a quill from an American golden eagle captured near Woodward. At that time the population of Woodward exceeded 2,000. County Seat and Cattle TownAn Act of Congress in 1911 designated Woodward a court town for the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma. The Wichita Falls and Northwestern Railway constructed a rail line through Woodward County and Woodward in 1911/1912; the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad later acquired this line. People introduced successfully Hereford cattle in Woodward County. With this development, cattlemen, such as William Thomas Waggoner, attempted to lease school lands in Woodward County for grazing. These attempts led Woodward County ranchers to form the Oklahoma Livestock Association. At the urging of United States Senator Thomas Pryor Gore and David P. Marum, the former law partner of Temple Lea Houston, in 1912 the United States government located an agricultural research station in Woodward. With the dairy cows replacing beef cattle and progress measured in the number of plow-broken acres, the United States Department of Agriculture established the Great Plains Field Station, immediately southwest of town, in 1913. Wagons of farmers with other crops gave way to wheat as the cash crop before 1914. People constructed Woodward Federal Courthouse and Post Office in Woodward in 1918, and it opened in 1921. Federal court held dockets annually each November in Woodward. The Woodward News began as the local newspaper in 1926. Some of the men who rode for the large cattle outfits three decades earlier organized the Elks Rodeo, which began in 1929 at an arena north of town. The ranching and cattle industries still dominated economy of Woodward. During the Great Depression, local Works Progress Administration projects included the damming of an artesian well, a failed oil-well venture, to form Crystal Beach Lake and its adjacent park. This facility served as a playground for trade area of Woodward and home for the Elks Rodeo. Town leaders certainly prevented fencing of the market drives away from the stockyards in the early years. On 23 February 1933, the Woodward Livestock Auction, the first commercial-grade cattle auction in Oklahoma, opened, keeping the cattle-marketing tradition. On 13 September 1934, Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh made an unexpected emergency landing {{Convert|23|miles}} northeast of Woodward. They spent two days at a rural farm, waiting for a relief plane to arrive at Woodward. Charles Lindbergh refused to give any interviews but said that he and his wife, eager for privacy, no longer wanted the public spotlight. Economic BoomFrom 1934, Trego’s Westwear manufactured western cut clothing for customers all over the world. The company frequently made costumes for rodeo stars, movie stars, Dale Evans, and Roy Rogers. Early in 1956, Charles Woodward Pappe, an entrepreneur from Kingfisher, Oklahoma, met Troy Smith (businessman) while visiting friends in Shawnee, Oklahoma. On May 18, 1956, Pappe opened his second Top-Hat Drive-In Restaurant in Woodward. Pappe inspired Smith to found Sonic Drive-In, which eventually became one of the largest chain of fast food restaurants in the United States. In late November 1956, people first discovered natural gas in Woodward County at McCormick Number One well; a two-decade boom of oil and gas production ensued. Main Street and Oklahoma Avenue stretched westward into the "Oil Patch." On January 14, 1957, United States Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson accompanied President Dwight David Eisenhower in a {{Convert|12|mile}} inspection tour of drought-damaged lands around Woodward. A crowd of 12,000 received him at Woodward Municipal Airport. One of the largest deposits of iodine in the world underlies many portions of Woodward County. Since 1977, numerous companies explored and produced this crude iodine. These companies include Woodward Iodine and Deepwater Chemicals, located in Woodward. As beef cattle again dominated the land and with the new goal of reestablishing grassy pastures, in 1978, United States Department of Agriculture renamed its facility the Southern Plains Range Research Station. The population exceeded ten thousand in the 1970s. Good times brought a new high school, a vocational-technical school, a new post office, a new hospital, and an industrial park. Decline and RecoveryThe economic downturn in the oil industry during the 1980s, however, caused the first population decrease in the history of the city. National Register of Historic Places listings in Woodward County, Oklahoma, in 1988 added Woodward Crystal Beach Park. With increasingly casual dress in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in Western wear waned. Trego’s Westwear closed its manufacturing plant in 1995 and ceased operations in 1999. Various local attractions include the Plains Indians and Pioneers Museum in Woodward. Tornadoes1947{{main|1947 Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes}}On April 9, 1947, the deadliest tornado in Oklahoma history (an F5 on the Fujita Scale) tore through Woodward, killing 107 people, injuring almost 1000, and destroying 100 city blocks. The family of tornadoes, known as the 1947 Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes, ranked as the sixth deadliest in US history. They caused many fatalities and much damage in other communities in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.[7] 2012{{main|Tornado outbreak of April 13–16, 2012}}On April 14, 2012, an EF3 tornado struck Woodward causing six deaths.[8][9] GeographyWoodward is located in northwestern Oklahoma, on the eastern edge of the Oklahoma and Texas panhandles.[4] Its geographic coordinates are {{coord|36|25|59|N|99|23|52|W|type:city}} (36.433059, -99.397745)[10] and its elevation is 1,906 feet (581 meters). The city lies on the North Canadian River, {{convert|100|mi|km}} east-southeast of Guymon, Oklahoma and {{convert|85|mi|km}} west of Enid, Oklahoma.[11] As the largest city in an area of nine counties, it is a commercial hub in northwestern Oklahoma. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|13.2|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|13.1|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} (0.53%) is water. Climate{{Weather box |location = Woodward, Oklahoma |single line = Y |Jan record high F = 83 |Feb record high F = 91 |Mar record high F = 92 |Apr record high F = 100 |May record high F = 106 |Jun record high F = 111 |Jul record high F = 111 |Aug record high F = 111 |Sep record high F = 104 |Oct record high F = 100 |Nov record high F = 87 |Dec record high F = 90 |year record high F= 111 |Jan high F = 49 |Feb high F = 54 |Mar high F = 64 |Apr high F = 74 |May high F = 82 |Jun high F = 91 |Jul high F = 95 |Aug high F = 93 |Sep high F = 85 |Oct high F = 74 |Nov high F = 60 |Dec high F = 50 |year high F= |Jan low F = 22 |Feb low F = 27 |Mar low F = 36 |Apr low F = 46 |May low F = 56 |Jun low F = 65 |Jul low F = 69 |Aug low F = 67 |Sep low F = 58 |Oct low F = 46 |Nov low F = 34 |Dec low F = 24 |year low F= |Jan record low F = -14 |Feb record low F = −11 |Mar record low F = −8 |Apr record low F = 16 |May record low F = 28 |Jun record low F = 42 |Jul record low F = 45 |Aug record low F = 47 |Sep record low F = 33 |Oct record low F = 18 |Nov record low F = 5 |Dec record low F = -5 |year record low F= −14 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 0.71 |Feb precipitation inch = 0.9 |Mar precipitation inch = 2.14 |Apr precipitation inch = 2.23 |May precipitation inch = 4.32 |Jun precipitation inch = 3.43 |Jul precipitation inch = 2.57 |Aug precipitation inch = 2.52 |Sep precipitation inch = 2.15 |Oct precipitation inch = 2.15 |Nov precipitation inch = 1.5 |Dec precipitation inch = 1.02 |year precipitation inch= 25.63 |Jan snow inch = 4.6 |Feb snow inch = 4.6 |Mar snow inch = 2.5 |Apr snow inch = 0.5 |May snow inch = 0 |Jun snow inch = 0 |Jul snow inch = 0 |Aug snow inch = 0 |Sep snow inch = 0 |Oct snow inch = 0.1 |Nov snow inch = 1.5 |Dec snow inch = 4.0 |year snow inch= 17.8 |source 1 = weather.com |source 2 = Climate.ok.gov [12] |date=October 2, 2010 }} Demographics{{US Census population|1910= 2696 |1920= 3849 |1930= 5056 |1940= 5406 |1950= 5915 |1960= 7747 |1970= 9563 |1980= 13781 |1990= 12340 |2000= 11853 |2010= 12051 |estyear=2015 |estimate=12993 |estref=[13] |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[14] }} As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 11,853 people, 4,787 households, and 3,245 families residing in the city. The population density was 903.5 inhabitants per square mile (348.8/km²). There were 5,561 housing units at an average density of 423.9 per square mile (163.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.98% White, 0.25% African American, 1.96% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 3.26% from other races, and 1.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.06% of the population. There were 4,787 households out of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.6% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.98. In the city, the population was spread out with 26.9% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $32,441, and the median income for a family was $39,766. Males had a median income of $29,222 versus $19,102 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,040. About 9.2% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over. EconomyThe city maintains a city manager commission type of government. Woodward is the principal center of trade for Northwest Oklahoma and a ten-county region including counties in Kansas and Texas. It serves a trade area of greater than 50,000 people. Agriculture, petroleum, wind energy, and manufacturing all contribute to Woodward's economy. Woodward serves as a market and processing center for wheat, cattle, hay and poultry. The city has grown around the Southern Plains Range Research Station, a United States agricultural experiment station established in 1912. Woodward also lies in an oil and natural-gas area on the shelf of Oklahoma's Anadarko Basin. In 1956, natural gas was discovered in Woodward County. Thereafter, Woodward enjoyed significant growth due to the opening and location of oil field service and drilling companies in Woodward. In addition to hydrocarbons, many portions of Woodward County are underlain by one of the world's largest deposits of iodine. Since 1977, numerous companies have explored for and produced crude iodine in Woodward County. Woodward Iodine and Deepwater Chemicals are located in Woodward. In 2003, Florida Power & Light Company's subsidiary, FPL Energy, and the Oklahoma Municipal Power Authority, began commercial production of electricity generated from wind turbines constructed seven miles (11 km) north of Woodward. Manufacturers include oil field equipment, apparel, crude iodine, and printing and publishing. Clothing factories are a relatively recent addition. CF Industries operates an ammonia facility that also produces associated nitrogen products.[15] The plant was built by Fluor [16] for WR Grace and Co, which operated it from 1975[17] to 1988 as Oklahoma Nitrogen Co. Terra Industries bought the plant from Grace in 1988.[18] In 2010, CF Industries took over Terra,[19] and currently operates the plant. The Plains Indians and Pioneers Museum attracts tourists to the city. Boiling Springs State Park[20] lies to the east of Woodward. Woodward is the corporate headquarters for Beaver Express Service, L.L.C., Oklahoma's largest and oldest Oklahoma-based small package express and LTL motor freight carrier. Beaver Express serves the states of Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Missouri, and Texas. AgricultureBy the early 20th century, Hereford cattle were introduced successfully in Woodward County. With this development, cattlemen such as Dan Waggoner and his son, W.T. Waggoner, attempted to lease school lands in Woodward County for grazing. These attempts led to the formation of the Oklahoma Livestock Association by Woodward County ranchers. At the urging of Senator Thomas P. Gore and David P. Marum, the former law partner of Temple Lea Houston, in 1912 the United States government located an agricultural research station in Woodward.[21] By 1930, the ranching and cattle industry dominated Woodward's economy. On February 23, 1933, Oklahoma's first commercial-grade cattle auction, the Woodward Livestock Auction, opened in Woodward. In 1929, Woodward ranchers and businessmen organized the Woodward Elks Rodeo, which through 1959 was one of the premier cowboy rodeos in the nation. As many as 35,000 people would attend the three-day event. National rodeo champions such as Bob Crosby, Paul Carney, Toots Mansfield, Homer Pettigrew, Ace Soward, Eddie Curtis, Jess Goodspeed, Ike Rude, Jim Shoulder, Sonny Davis, Sonny Linger, and Tater Decker all competed at the Woodward Elks Rodeo. BusinessesBetween 1934 and 1999, the Trego’s Westwear Company of Woodward manufactured Western cut clothing for customers all over the world. Rodeo and movie stars were customers of the company and costumes were frequently made for Dale Evans and Roy Rogers. As dress became more casual in the 1980s and 1990s, interest in Western wear waned. Trego’s closed its manufacturing plant in 1995. On May 18, 1956, Charles Woodward Pappe, an entrepreneur from Kingfisher, opened the second Top-Hat Drive-In Restaurant in the United States, which was the precursor to the Sonic Drive-In. A few months earlier, Pappe had met Troy Smith, while visiting friends in Shawnee, Oklahoma. With Pappe's inspiration, Sonic was founded and eventually became one of the largest chain of fast food restaurants in the US. EducationWoodward has an early childhood center, three elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school.[22] The Woodward school district serves more than 2,500 students.[22] The city also has a private school, the Woodward Christian Academy, that serves more than 100 students.[23] The city's High Plains Technology Center offers courses and degrees in career and technical education. Woodward is also home to the Woodward campus of Northwestern Oklahoma State University, which offers courses and degrees to the local population. The City of Woodward-owned Woodward Public Library has seen a recent complete remodel under management of Head Librarian Connie Terry. It is a fairly large facility for a city of 12,000 population and has a complete computer internet center. MediaThe Woodward News has been the local news source since 1926. It is currently distributed five days a week and owned by Community Newspaper Holdings Inc.,[24] It is distributed freely to the town's residents.
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Notable people
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite report |url=http://www.okhistory.org/shpo/architsurveys/RLSofPortionofWoodwardPt2.pdf |title=Architectural/Historical Reconnaissance Level Survey of Certain Portions of the City of Woodward |publisher=Oklahoma Historical Preservation Society |p=123 |date=1996 |access-date=June 9, 2010}} 5. ^1 Architectural survey of Woodward, p. 124 6. ^1 {{cite encyclopedia |last=James |first=Louise Boyd |url=http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=WO016 |title=Woodward |work=Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture |publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society |edition=online |date=2009 |access-date=February 27, 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=The April 9, 1947 Woodward, Oklahoma Tornado|url=http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/?n=events-19470409|website=National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office|publisher=National Weather Service - Norman, OK Weather Forecast Office|accessdate=May 25, 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/15/usa-weather-tornado-idUSL2E8FF1O320120415 |title=Three girls among Oklahoma tornado dead; clean-up underway |publisher=Reuters |date=15 April 2012 |accessdate=2013-07-26 |first=Steve |last=Olafson}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/16/usa-weather-tornado-idUSL2E8FGDA220120416 |title=Death toll from Oklahoma tornado rises to six |publisher=Reuters |date=16 April 2012 |accessdate=2013-07-26 |first=Steve |last=Olafson}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 11. ^{{cite map|publisher=Oklahoma Department of Transportation|title=Official State Map|edition=2008}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://climate.ok.gov/index.php/climate/county_climate_coop_summary/woodward/OK9760_stnsum.html |title=Woodward County, Oklahoma County Climate Summaries}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015 |accessdate=July 2, 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20160602200744/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2015/SUB-EST2015.html |archivedate=June 2, 2016 |df= }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}} 15. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfindustries.com/who-we-are/locations/woodward-nitrogen-facility|title=Woodward Nitrogen Complex|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=July 27, 2017}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.fluor.com/about-fluor/corporate-information/history?target=Fluor-Chem-Petro|title=Fluor History - Building a Legacy|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=July 27, 2017}} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.icis.com/resources/news/2014/06/20/9793144/fire-halts-production-at-cf-industries-fertilizer-plant-in-oklahoma/|title=Fire halts production at CF Industries fertilizer plant in Oklahoma|last=|first=|date=June 20, 2014|work=ICIS News|access-date=July 27, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 18. ^{{Cite web|url=http://newsok.com/article/2242725|title=Sale Completed of Woodward Ammonia Plant|last=|first=|date=October 18, 1988|website=|publisher=The Oklahoman|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=July 27, 2017}} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2010/03/12/terra-finally-accepts-cf-industries-takeover-bid/|title=Terra Finally Accepts CF Industries' Takeover Bid|last=Sanati|first=Cyrus|date=March 12, 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=July 27, 2017|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oklahomaparks.com/detail.asp?id=1+5U+3586 |title=Oklahoma State Parks |publisher=TravelOK.com - Oklahoma's Official Travel & Tourism Site |date= |accessdate=2013-07-26}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ars.usda.gov/AboutUs/AboutUs.htm?modecode=62-16-05-00 |title=Rangeland and Pasture Research : About Us |publisher=Ars.usda.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-07-26}} 22. ^1 Woodward School District, Education.com (accessed June 9, 2010). 23. ^Woodward Christian Academy, Education.com (accessed June 9, 2010). 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://woodwardnews.net/ |title=The Woodward News Home Page |publisher=The Woodward news |date= |accessdate=2013-07-26}} 25. ^Billy Hathorn, "Roy Bean, Temple Houston, Bill Longley, Ranald Mackenzie, Buffalo Bill, Jr., and the Texas Rangers: Depictions of West Texans in Series Television, 1955 to 1967", West Texas Historical Review, Vol. 89 (2013), pp. 106-109 Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Woodward, Oklahoma}}{{Wikivoyage|Woodward}}{{Portal|Oklahoma}}
4 : Cities in Oklahoma|Cities in Woodward County, Oklahoma|County seats in Oklahoma|Micropolitan areas of Oklahoma |
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