| 词条 | Woonerf |
| 释义 |
A woonerf ({{IPA-nl|ˈʋoːnɛrf}}) is a living street, as originally implemented in the Netherlands and in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium. Techniques include shared space, traffic calming, and low speed limits. Under Article 44 of the Dutch traffic code, motorised traffic in a woonerf or "recreation area" is restricted to walking pace.[1] The term "woonerf" has been adopted directly by some English-language publications. In the UK, these areas are called home zones. In the US, complete streets are a distinct concept where equal priority is given to all modes of transportation including automobiles, bicycles, and pedestrians, usually with separate rather than shared right-of-way. EtymologyThe word, of Dutch origin, literally translates as "living yard"[2] or "residential grounds".[3] HistorySince the invention of automobiles, cities have been predominantly constructed to accommodate the use of automobiles.[4] The entire locality of Emmen, Netherlands was designed as a woonerf in the 1970s.[5] In 1999 the Netherlands had over 6000 woonerven[5] and today around 2 million Dutch people are living in woonerven.[6] The benefits of the woonerf are promoted by woonERFgoed, a network of professionals and residents.[7] In 2006 it was reported that people in Hesselterbrink, a neighborhood of Emmen, were disillusioned about how the woonerf principle had become another traffic engineering measure that "entailed precious little more than signs and uniform standards". They have now encompassed the shared space principles as a way of rethinking the woonerf. They are reported to "now know that car drivers should become residents. Eye contact and human interaction are more effective means to achieve and maintain attractive and safe areas than signs and rules".[8] [9]Notes1. ^Road Traffic Signs and Regulations in the Netherlands Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat, June 2006 Accessed 7 February 2007. 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vta.org/inside/boards/committee_advisory/bpac/agendas_minutes/2012/01_jan/bpac_011112_workshop.pdf |title=Bicycle & Pedestrian Advisory Committee - Agenda - Wednesday, January 11, 2012 |date=11 January 2012 |publisher=Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority |page=2 |accessdate=25 August 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910041228/http://vta.org/inside/boards/committee_advisory/bpac/agendas_minutes/2012/01_jan/bpac_011112_workshop.pdf |archivedate=September 10, 2013 }} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Woonerf|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/woonerf|website=Oxford Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=2015-07-13}} 4. ^{{cite web|last=MacPhee|first=Ian|title=Is Vancouver ready for pedestrian priority streets?|url=http://regardingplace.com/?p=3529|publisher=re:place Magazine|accessdate=29 March 2012}} 5. ^Home Zones briefing sheet, Robert Huxford, Proceedings, Institution of Civil Engineers, Transport, 135, 45-46, February, 1999 6. ^{{citation|title=Sterke woonerfwijken: voorkomen is beter dan herstructureren|url=http://g32.nl/DATABANK/Nieuwsarchief/2011/September_2011/Sterke_woonerfwijken_voorkomen_is_beter_dan_herstructureren|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903112801/http://g32.nl/DATABANK/Nieuwsarchief/2011/September_2011/Sterke_woonerfwijken_voorkomen_is_beter_dan_herstructureren|archivedate=2014-09-03|df=}} 7. ^{{citation|title=The woonerfgoed network|url=http://www.woonerfgoed.nl/int}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|title=Final evaluation by imma-san|publisher=Shared Space|year=2006|url=http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/immawidyawatiagustin-693595-final-evaluation-by-imma-san/}} 9. ^{{cite web|title=Woonerf revisited – The Emmen pilot in Shared Space|year=2006|url=http://www.urbansustainability.eu/Odorheiu%20Secuiesc%20Final%20Report/Resources/shared%20space%20documents/Newsletter_4.pdf}} Further reading
External links
7 : Living streets|Types of streets|Types of roads|Cycling in the Netherlands|Transportation planning|Pedestrian streets in the Netherlands|Traffic calming |
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