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词条 1994 Tour de France
释义

  1. Teams

  2. Route and stages

  3. Race overview

  4. Classification leadership

  5. Final standings

     General classification  Points classification  Mountains classification  Young rider classification  Team classification  Combativity classification 

  6. Notes

  7. References

  8. Bibliography

  9. External links

{{Infobox cycling race report
| name = 1994 Tour de France
| image = Route of the 1994 Tour de France.png
| image_size = 350px
| image_caption = Route of the 1994 Tour de France
| date = 2–24 July
| stages = 21 + Prologue
| distance = 3978
| unit = km
| time = 103h 38' 38"
| speed = 37.831
| first = Miguel Indurain
| first_nat = ESP
| first_team = {{ct|GCE|1994}}
| first_color = yellow
| second = Piotr Ugrumov
| second_nat = LAT
| second_team = {{ct|GEW|1994}}
| third = Marco Pantani
| third_nat = ITA
| third_team = {{ct|CAR|1994}}
| points = Djamolidine Abdoujaparov
| points_nat = UZB
| points_team = {{ct|POL|1994}}
| points_color = green
| mountains = Richard Virenque
| mountains_nat = FRA
| mountains_team = {{ct|FES|1994}}
| mountains_color = polkadot
| youth = Marco Pantani
| youth_nat = ITA
| youth_team = {{ct|CAR|1994}}
| team = {{ct|FES|1994}}
| combativity = Eros Poli
| combativity_nat = ITA
| combativity_team = {{ct|UNO|1994}}
| previous = 1993
| next = 1995
}}

The 1994 Tour de France was the 81st edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The Tour began on 2 July with a {{convert|7.2|km|abbr=on}} prologue around the French city Lille. After 21 more days of racing, the Tour came to a close on the street of the Champs-Élysées. Twenty-one teams entered the race that was won by Miguel Indurain of the {{ct|GCE|1994}} team.[1] Second and third respectively were the Latvian Piotr Ugrumov and the Italian rider, Marco Pantani.

Miguel Indurain first captured the lead after the stage 9 individual time trial. Chris Boardman was the first rider to wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification after winning the opening prologue. Boardman lost the lead to Johan Museeuw after Museeuw's {{ct|GBM|1994}} team won the stage three team time trial. Flavio Vanzella took the lead away from Museeuw the next day as the Tour made its way into Great Britain. Vanzella lost the lead to Sean Yates after the race's sixth stage. Yates led the race for a single day before losing it to Museeuw after the conclusion of stage 7. Museeuw lost the lead to Indurain after the stage 9 individual time trial, who then successfully defended the lead through the Alps and Pyrenees and to the Tour's finish in Paris.

Indurain became the third rider to win four consecutive Tours de France. In the race's other classifications, {{ct|POL|1994}} rider Djamolidine Abdoujaparov won the points classification, Richard Virenque of the {{ct|FES|1994}} team won the mountains classification, {{ct|CAR|1994}} rider Marco Pantani won the youth classification for the best rider aged 26 or under in the general classification after having finished third overall, and Eros Poli of the {{ct|UNO|1994}} team won the combativity classification. Festina-Lotus won the team classification, which ranked each of the twenty teams contesting the race by lowest cumulative time.

Teams

{{main list|List of teams and cyclists in the 1994 Tour de France}}

A total of 21 teams were invited to participate in the 1994 Tour de France. Fifteen teams were announced in May, based on their UCI ranking:[2] Although the organisation had planned to give five additional wildcards in June, after the 1994 Giro d'Italia, it was decided to invite one extra team, and six wildcards were given.[3] The {{ct|AKI|1994}} team of Zenon Jaskuła, who had finished in third place in the 1993 Tour de France, was not selected.[3] Each team sent a squad of nine riders, so the Tour began with a peloton of 189 cyclists. Out of the 189 riders that started this edition of the Tour de France, a total of 117 riders made it to the finish in Paris.[5]

The teams entering the race were:

Qualified teams{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • {{ct|CAR|1994}}
  • {{ct|GBM|1994}}
  • {{ct|GEW|1994}}
  • {{ct|LAM|1994}}
  • {{ct|MAP|1994}}
  • {{ct|UNO|1994}}
  • {{ct|POL|1994}}
  • {{ct|CAS|1994}}
  • {{ct|GAN|1994}}
  • {{ct|NOV|1994}}
  • {{ct|GCE|1994}}
  • {{ct|ONC|1994}}
  • {{ct|LOT|1994}}
  • {{ct|MOT|1994}}
  • {{ct|RAB|1994}}
{{div col end}}Invited teams{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • {{ct|FES|1994}}
  • {{ct|TVM|1994}}
  • {{ct|TEL|1994}}
  • {{ct|ZGM|1994}}
  • {{ct|KEL|1994}}
  • {{ct|ALM|1994}}
{{div col end}}

Route and stages

The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a short {{convert|7.2|km|abbr=on}} prologue that navigated around the French city of Lille. There were a total of six stages that held many high mountains, while there was only one hilly stage that contained climbs of lesser degree. Eleven of the stages were primarily flat stages. The official route contained four time trials, three of which were individual and one of which was a team event.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=85}}

There were two stages that began or ended outside France. Stage 4 began in the English port town of Dover and ended in Brighton. The fifth stage began and ended in the British city of Portsmouth. This was only the second time the tour has visited England, and to mark the opening of the Channel Tunnel.[4]

Of the stages that contained mountains, four contained summit finishes: stage 11 to Hautacam, stage 12 to Luz Ardiden, stage 16 to Alpe d'Huez, and stage 17 to Val Thorens. The nineteenth stage, an individual time trial, had a summit finish to Avoriaz.

[5]{{sfn>Augendre|2016|p=85}}[6]
StageDateCourseDistanceTypeWinner
P2 July Lille{{convert|7.2|km|abbr=on}} Individual time trialChris Boardman|GBR}}
13 July Lille to Armentières{{convert|234.0|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageDjamolidine Abdoujaparov|UZB}}
24 July Roubaix to Boulogne-sur-Mer{{convert|203.5|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageJean-Paul van Poppel|NED}}
35 July Calais to Eurotunnel{{convert|66.5|km|abbr=on}} Team time trial{{ct|GBM|1994}}}}
46 July Dover (United Kingdom) to Brighton (United Kingdom){{convert|204.5|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageFrancisco Cabello|ESP}}
57 July Portsmouth (United Kingdom){{convert|187.0|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageNicola Minali|ITA}}
68 July Cherbourg to Rennes{{convert|270.5|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageGianluca Bortolami|ITA}}
79 July Rennes to Futuroscope{{convert|259.5|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageJán Svorada|SVK}}
810 July Poitiers to Trélissac{{convert|218.5|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageBo Hamburger|DEN}}
911 July Périgueux to Bergerac{{convert|64.0|km|abbr=on}} Individual time trialMiguel Indurain|ESP}}
1012 July Bergerac to Cahors{{convert|160.5|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageJacky Durand|FRA}}
1113 July Cahors to Hautacam{{convert|263.5|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s)Luc Leblanc|FRA}}
14 JulyLourdesRest day
1215 July Lourdes to Luz Ardiden{{convert|204.5|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s)Richard Virenque|FRA}}
1316 July Bagnères-de-Bigorre to Albi{{convert|223.0|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageBjarne Riis|DEN}}
1417 July Castres to Montpellier{{convert|202.0|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageRolf Sørensen|DEN}}
1518 July Montpellier to Carpentras{{convert|231.0|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s)Eros Poli|ITA}}
1619 July Valréas to Alpe d'Huez{{convert|224.5|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s)Roberto Conti|ITA}}
1720 July Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Val Thorens{{convert|149.0|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s)Nelson Rodriguez|COL}}
1821 July Moutiers to Cluses{{convert|174.5|km|abbr=on}} Stage with mountain(s)Piotr Ugrumov|LAT}}
1922 July Cluses to Avoriaz{{convert|47.5|km|abbr=on}} Mountain time trialPiotr Ugrumov|LAT}}
2023 July Morzine to Lac Saint-Point{{convert|208.5|km|abbr=on}} Hilly stageDjamolidine Abdoujaparov|UZB}}
2124 July Disneyland Paris to Paris (Champs-Élysées){{convert|175.0|km|abbr=on}}Plain stageEddy Seigneur|FRA}}
Total{{convert|3978|km|0|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=110}}

Race overview

{{main|1994 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10|1994 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21}}

The 1994 edition of the Tour de France began with a brief {{convert|7.2|km|abbr=on}} prologue around the city of Lille.[7] Englishman Chris Boardman set a blistering pace on the course en route to winning the stage by fifteen seconds over the second-place finisher Miguel Indurain.[7] Stage 1 was a relatively flat stage that came down to a bunch sprint that was marred by a large crash.[7] As the riders were sprinting to the finish line, a policeman leaned out to take a photograph causing Wilfried Nelissen to slam on his brakes and crash into the policeman while also taking out Laurent Jalabert in the process.[7] Djamolidine Abdoujaparov ultimately won the stage while Jalabert and Nelissen were forced to drop out of the race due to the injuries they had sustained.[7]

The Yellow Jersey switched riders multiple times through the first eight stages but in the Stage 9 individual time trial Indurain absolutely obliterated the entire field with only eight riders able to keep him within 6:00, and of those riders only Tony Rominger was able to keep Indurain within four minutes. Amazingly a young Lance Armstrong was able to hold onto a top 10 placing through Stage 10, but other than Rominger no one was in a position to threaten Indurain’s lead.

As the race entered the Pyrenees in stages 11 and 12 Indurain built on his lead over Rominger who abandoned the Tour in Stage 13. As the race climbed Mont Ventoux and crossed the Alps Marco Pantani and Piotr Ugrumov began to climb through the top 10 as Richard Virenque held onto 2nd place, but Indurain's lead was secure with Virenque more than 7:00 behind.

In the final time trial in Stage 19 Ugrumov won the stage with Pantani coming in second both riders gaining considerable time on Indurain, but by the end of the day it was too little too late for both riders as Indurain's 4th consecutive Tour de France victory was all but secure as he held a commanding lead of 5:39 over the now 2nd place Ugrumov.[7]

Classification leadership

There were several classifications in the 1994 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[8]

Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a green jersey. In the points classification, cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[8]

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorized some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[8]

The fourth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was not marked by a jersey. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 26 years were eligible.[8]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time.[9]

For the combativity award classification, a jury gave points after each stage to the cyclists they considered most combative. The cyclist with the most votes in all stages lead the classification.

Classification leadership by stage[10][11]
StageWinnerGeneral classification
Points classification
Mountains classification
Young rider classification{{refn|The white jersey was not awarded between 1989 and 1999.[12]|group="n"|name="white"Team classification
P Chris BoardmanChris BoardmanChris Boardmannot awardedEddy Seigneur{{ct|C.A|1994}}
1 Djamolidine AbdoujaparovDjamolidine AbdoujaparovJean-Paul van Poppel
2 Jean-Paul van PoppelPeter De Clercq
3 GB-MG MaglificoJohan MuseeuwLance Armstrong{{ct|GBM|1994}}
4 Francisco CabelloFlavio Vanzella
5 Nicola Minali
6 Gianluca BortolamiSean Yates{{ct|MOT|1994}}
7 Ján SvoradaJohan Museeuw
8 Bo Hamburger
9 Miguel IndurainMiguel IndurainAbraham OlanoMAP|1994}}
10 Jacky Durand Castorama
11 Luc LeblancMAP|1994}}
12 Richard VirenqueRichard VirenqueRichard Virenque{{ct|FES|1994}}
13 Bjarne Riis
14 Rolf Sørensen
15 Eros Poli
16 Roberto Conti
17 Nelson Rodríguez Serna
18 Piotr Ugrumov
19 Piotr UgrumovMarco Pantani
20 Djamolidine Abdoujaparov
21 Eddy Seigneur
FinalMiguel IndurainDjamolidine Abdoujaparov{{font color|white|Richard Virenque|link=yes Marco PantaniFES|1994
  • In stage 1, Miguel Indurain wore the green jersey.

Final standings

Legend
Denotes the winner of the general classification[1]Denotes the winner of the mountains classification[1]
Denotes the winner of the points classification[1]

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[5][13]
RankRiderTeamTime
1Miguel Indurain|ESP}}BAN|1994}}103h 38' 38"
2Piotr Ugrumov|LAT}}GEW|1994}}+ 5' 39"
3Marco Pantani|ITA}}CAR|1994}}+ 7' 19"
4Luc Leblanc|FRA}}FES|1994}}+ 10' 03"
5Richard Virenque|FRA}}FES|1994}}+ 10' 10"
6Roberto Conti|ITA}}LAM|1994}}+ 12' 29"
7Alberto Elli|ITA}}GBM|1994}}+ 20' 17"
8Alex Zülle|SUI}}ONC|1994}}+ 20' 35"
9Udo Bölts|GER}}TEL|1994}}+ 25' 19"
10Vladimir Poulnikov|UKR}}CAR|1994}}+ 25' 28"
{{columns-start}}

Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)[5][13]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Djamolidine Abdoujaparov|UZB}}POL|1994}}322
2Silvio Martinello|ITA}}UNO|1994}}273
3Ján Svorada|SVK}}LAM|1994}}230
4Gianluca Bortolami|ITA}}MAP|1994}}188
5Miguel Indurain|ESP}}GEW|1994}}132
6Olaf Ludwig|GER}}TEL|1994}}122
7Johan Museeuw|BEL}}GBM|1994}}118
8François Simon|FRA}}CAS|1994}}105
9Luc Leblanc|FRA}}FES|1994}}103
10Ángel Edo|ESP}}KEL|1994}}102
{{column}}

Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–10)[5][13]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Richard Virenque|FRA}}FES|1994}}392
2Marco Pantani|ITA}}CAR|1994}}243
3Piotr Ugrumov|LAT}}GEW|1994}}219
4Miguel Indurain|ESP}}GEW|1994}}215
5Peter De Clercq|BEL}}LOT|1994}}192
6Luc Leblanc|FRA}}FES|1994}}176
7Oscar Pelliccioli|ITA}}POL|1994}}151
8Roberto Conti|ITA}}LAM|1994}}147
9Nelson Rodriguez|COL}}ZGM|1994}}142
10Udo Bölts|GER}}TEL|1994}}119
{{columns-end}}{{columns-start}}

Young rider classification

Final young rider classification (1–10)[5][13]
RankRiderTeamTime
1Marco Pantani|ITA}}CAR|1994}}103h 45' 57"
2Richard Virenque|FRA}}FES|1994}}+ 2' 51"
3Bo Hamburger|DEN}}TVM|1994}}+ 36' 25"
4Beat Zberg|SUI}}CAR|1994}}+ 49' 17"
5Abraham Olano|ESP}}MAP|1994}}+ 54' 10"
6Laurent Dufaux|SUI}}ONC|1994}}+ 1h 02' 11"
7Eddy Seigneur|FRA}}C.A|1994}}+ 1h 39' 56"
8Andrea Peron|ITA}}POL|1994}}+ 1h 46' 28"
9Vladislav Bobrik|RUS}}GEW|1994}}+ 1h 47' 53"
10Vicente Aparicio|ESP}}GEW|1994}}+ 1h 52' 15"
{{column}}

Team classification

Final team classification (1–10)[5][13]
RankTeamTime
1FES|1994}}311h 28' 53"
2GEW|1994}}+ 42' 57"
3GEW|1994}}+ 44' 38"
4MAP|1994}}+ 48' 25"
5CAR|1994}}+ 50' 55"
6GBM|1994}}+ 1h 06' 06"
7ONC|1994}}+ 1h 20' 47"
8TEL|1994}}+ 1h 51' 04"
9KEL|1994}}+ 1h 55' 47"
10CAS|1994}}+ 2h 14' 58"
{{columns-end}}

Combativity classification

Final combativity classification (1–3)[5]
RankRiderTeamPoints
1Eros Poli|ITA}}UNO|1994}}34
2Marco Pantani|ITA}}CAR|1994}}32
3Piotr Ugrumov|LAT}}GEW|1994}}21

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1994/07/25/pagina-12/1299130/pdf.html|title=Le Tour|language=Spanish|date=25 July 1994|page=12|publisher=El Mundo Deportivo|accessdate=27 May 2012|format=PDF|trans-title=The Tour}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=LC-19940518-22004&vw=org|language=Dutch|date=18 May 1994|work=Leeuwarder Courant|accessdate=20 January 2013|agency=ANP|title=Ploeg Priem nog niet zeker van de Tour}}
3. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/vw/article.do?id=NVHN-19940615-AE0023002&vw=org|language=Dutch|date=15 June 1994|work=Nieuwsblad van het Noorden|accessdate=20 January 2013|title=Tourdirecteur Leblanc geeft ploeg Jaskula rood licht}}
4. ^{{cite news|last=Lewis|first=Phil|title=Archive: the Tour de France in Britain|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2014/jul/02/archive-tour-de-france|access-date=15 October 2018|work=theguardian.com|publisher=Guardian Media Group|date=2 July 2014}}
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1994.php|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|title=81ème Tour de France 1994|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322022609/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1978_2005/tdf1994.php|archive-date=2012-03-22|access-date=26 September 2016|df=dmy-all|dead-url=yes}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1994 |title=Tour de France GC top ten |first=Arian |last=Zwegers |publisher=CVCC |accessdate=15 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5hQnRPAvL?url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html |archivedate=10 June 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy-all }}
7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://bikeraceinfo.com/tdf/tdf1994.html |title=1994 Tour de France |author= Bill and Carol McGann |work= Bike Race Info|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|accessdate=16 April 2013}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |title=Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success |first=Sarah |last=Christian |date=2 July 2009 |accessdate=17 April 2012 |publisher=RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130209134934/http://www.roadcycling.co.nz/TourdeFrance/tour-de-france-demystified-part-1.html |archivedate=9 February 2013 |df= }}
9. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.faqs.org/faqs/bicycles-faq/part1/section-20.html#b|title=The Tour de France complete book of cycling|first=David|last=Chauner|author2=Halstead, Michael|year=1990|publisher=Villard|isbn=0679729364|accessdate=17 April 2012}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=Tour de France 1994 – Leaders overview|url=https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1994/gc/stages/leaders-overview|website=ProCyclingStats|accessdate=16 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216224354/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1994/gc/stages/leaders-overview|archive-date=16 February 2019|dead-url=no}}
11. ^{{cite web|last=van den Akker|first=Pieter|title=Informatie over de Tour de France van 1994|trans-title=Information about the Tour de France from 1994|url=http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1994|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302051220/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1994|archivedate=2 March 2019|language=Dutch|website=TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl|accessdate=2 March 2019|dead-url=no}}
12. ^{{cite book|last1=Mallon|first1=Bill |last2=Heijmans|first2=Jeroen |title=Historical dictionary of cycling|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nrdfuueq2CcC&pg=PA230|date=9 September 2011|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, MD|isbn=978-0-8108-7369-8|page=230}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=http://archives.lesoir.be/miguel-indurain-va-desormais-au-tour-par-quatre-chemins_t-19940725-Z08C7J.html?queryand=virenque&firstHit=0&by=10&when=-2&begYear=1994&begMonth=07&begDay=25&endYear=1994&endMonth=07&endDay=25&sort=datedesc&rub=TOUT&pos=0&all=1&nav=1|title=Miguel Indurain va desormais au Tour par quatre chemins un tour sans peril, ce n'est pas la gloire Ugrumov n'a pas de regret|first=Bruno|last=Deblander|pages=19–23|date=25 July 1994|accessdate=12 May 2013|publisher=Le soir|language=French}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Augendre|author-link=Jacques Augendre|url=http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|title=Guide historique|trans-title=Historical guide|year=2016|language=French|access-date=27 October 2016|format=PDF|work=Tour de France|location=Paris|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|archive-date=17 August 2016|dead-url=no|ref={{harvid|Augendre|2016}}}}

External links

{{commons category-inline|Tour de France 1994|1994 Tour de France}}{{Cycling stage recaps|1994 Tour de France|P|10|11|21}}{{Tour de France}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:1994 Tour De France}}

6 : 1994 Tour de France|1994 in road cycling|1994 in French sport|Tour de France by year|Sport in Kent|July 1994 sports events in Europe
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