| 词条 | Word of the year | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The word(s) of the year, sometimes capitalized as "Word(s) of the Year" and abbreviated "WOTY" (or "WotY"), refers to any of various assessments as to the most important word(s) or expression(s) in the public sphere during a specific year. The German tradition, Wort des Jahres was started in 1971. The American Dialect Society's Word of the Year is the oldest English-language version, and the only one that is announced after the end of the calendar year, determined by a vote of independent linguists, and not tied to commercial interest.{{Citation needed|date=December 2014}} However, various other organizations also announce Words of the Year for promotional purposes. American Dialect SocietySince 1991, the American Dialect Society (ADS) has designated one or more words or terms to be the "Word of the Year" in the United States {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
The society also chose a "Word of the 1990s" (web), "Word of the 20th Century" (jazz), "Word of the Past Millennium" (she), and "Word of the Decade (2000–2009)" (google as a verb). SelectionOther candidates for "Word of the Year" have included:
CategoriesIn addition to the "Word of the Year", the society also selects words in other categories that vary from year to year: Most Useful
Most Creative
Most Unnecessary
Most Outrageous
Most Euphemistic
Most Likely to Succeed
Least Likely to Succeed
Special Categories
Australian National Dictionary CentreThe Australian National Dictionary Centre has announced a Word of the Year each December since 2006. The word is chosen by the editorial staff, and is selected on the basis of having come to some prominence in the Australian social and cultural landscape during the year.[33] The Word of the Year is often reported in the media as being Australia's word of the year,[34][35][36] but the word is not always an Australian word.
Collins English DictionaryThe Collins English Dictionary has announced a Word of the Year every year since 2013, and prior to this, announced a new 'word of the month' each month in 2012. Published in Glasgow, UK, Collins English Dictionary has been publishing English dictionaries since 1819.[37] Toward the end of each calendar year, Collins release a shortlist of notable words or those that have come to prominence in the previous 12 months. The shortlist typically comprises ten words, though in 2014 only four words were announced as the Word of the Year shortlist. The Collins Words of the Year are selected by the Collins Dictionary team across Glasgow and London, consisting of lexicographers, editorial, marketing, and publicity staff, though previously the selection process has been open to the public. Whilst the word is not required to be new to feature, the appearance of words in the list is often supported by usage statistics and cross-reference against Collins' extensive corpus to understand how language may have changed or developed in the previous year. The Collins Word of the Year is also not restricted to UK language usage, and words are often chosen that apply internationally as well, for example, fake news in 2017[38].
Macquarie DictionaryThe Macquarie Dictionary, which is the dictionary of Australian English, updates the online dictionary each year with new words, phrases, and definitions. These can be viewed on their [https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/resources/view/word/of/the/year/ website]. Each year the editors select a short list of new words added to the dictionary and invite the public to vote on their favourite. The public vote is held in January and results in the People's Choice winner. The most influential word of the year is also selected by the Word of the Year Committee which is chaired by the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sydney, Dr Michael Spence. The Editor of the Macquarie Dictionary, Susan Butler, is also a committee member. The Committee meets annually to select the overall winning words. The following is the list of winning words since the Macquarie Word of the Year first began in 2006:
Merriam-Webster{{Main|Lists of Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year}}The lists of Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year (for each year) are ten-word lists published annually by the American dictionary-publishing company Merriam-Webster, Inc., which feature the ten words of the year from the English language. These word lists started in 2003 and have been published at the end of each year. At first, Merriam-Webster determined its contents by analyzing page hits and popular searches on its website. Since 2006, the list has been determined by an online poll and by suggestions from visitors to the website.[104] The following is the list of words that became Merriam-Webster's Word of the Year since 2003:[105]
OxfordOxford University Press, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary and many other dictionaries, announces an Oxford Dictionaries UK Word of the Year and an Oxford Dictionaries US Word of the Year; sometimes these are the same word. The Word of the Year need not have been coined within the past twelve months but it does need to have become prominent or notable during that time. There is no guarantee that the Word of the Year will be included in any Oxford dictionary. The Oxford Dictionaries Words of the Year are selected by editorial staff from each of the Oxford dictionaries. The selection team is made up of lexicographers and consultants to the dictionary team, and editorial, marketing, and publicity staff.[107]
Grant BarrettSince 2004, lexicographer Grant Barrett has published a words-of-the-year list, usually in the New York Times, though he does not name a winner.
Global Language MonitorThe Global Language Monitor (GLM) has been selecting the Top Words of the Year since 2000.[113] GLM states the Top Words, Phrases, and Names of the Year provide a history of each year since 2000 through English-language word usage. To select these words and phrases, it uses a [big data], [data mining] statistical analysis of language usage in the worldwide print and electronic media, the Internet, and the blogosphere, as well as social media. Several linguists and lexicographers have charged that its mathematical methodologies (found below) are flawed. MethodologyGLM's Word of the Year rankings are based upon actual word usage throughout the English-speaking world, which now approaches some 2.38 billion people, who use the language as a first, second, business language. To qualify for these lists, the words, names, and phrases must meet three criteria: 1) found globally, 2) have a minimum of 25,000 citations, and 3) have the requisite ‘depth’ and ‘breadth’ of usage. Depth is here defined as appearing in various forms of media; breadth that they must appear world-over, not limited to a particular professional or social group or geography. The goal is to find the word usage that will endure the test of time. GLM employs its NarrativeTracker and Internet MediaBuzz technologies for global Internet and social media analysis. NarrativeTracker is based on global discourse, providing a real-time, accurate picture about any topic, at any point in time. NarrativeTracker analyzes the Internet, blogosphere, the top 375,000 print and electronic global media (not limited to the English-language-based media), as well as new social media sources as they emerge. This is the 18th annual analysis by the Global Language Monitor and the only analysis that encompasses the whole of Global English.
On December 7, 2017. GLM announced Truth as the Top Word, Xi Jingping as the Top Name, and Weinstein Effect and #MeToo as the Top Phrases for global English for 2017.[114] {{anchor|GLM Top Words of the Year}}Words
{{anchor|GLM Top Phrases of the Year}}Phrases
{{anchor|GLM Top Names of the Year}}Names
2000–2009 decade words and phrasesWords:[115]
Also worth noting: 'embedded' (2003), to embed reporters with US troops. Phrases:
Similar word listsA Word a YearSince 2004, Susie Dent, an English lexicographer has published a column, "A Word a Year", in which she chooses a single word from each of the last 101 years to represent preoccupations of the time. Susie Dent notes that the list is subjective.[116][117][118] Each year, she gives a completely different set of words. Since Susie Dent works for the Oxford University Press, her words of choice are often incorrectly referred to as "Oxford Dictionary's Word of the Year". Other countriesIn Germany, a Wort des Jahres has been selected since 1972 (for year 1971) by the Society of the German Language.[119] In addition, an Unwort des Jahres (Un-word of the year or No-no Word of the Year) has been nominated since 1991, for a word or phrase in public speech deemed insulting or socially inappropriate (such as "Überfremdung").[120] Similar selections are made each year since 1999 in Austria, 2002 in Liechtenstein, and 2003 in Switzerland. In Denmark, the Word of the year has been selected since 2008 by Danmarks Radio and Dansk Sprognævn. In Japan, the Kanji of the year has been selected since 1995. Kanji are adopted Chinese characters in Japanese language. In Norway, the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2012. In Portugal, the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2009. In Russia, the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2007. In Ukraine, the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2013. See also
Further reading
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meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-11}} 82. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/word-lovers-blog/new/collins-2017-word-of-the-year-shortlist,396,HCB.html|title=Collins 2017 Word of the Year Shortlist - New on the blog - Word Lover's blog - Collins Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-11}} 83. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/word-lovers-blog/new/collins-2017-word-of-the-year-shortlist,396,HCB.html|title=Collins 2017 Word of the Year Shortlist - New on the blog - Word Lover's blog - Collins Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-11}} 84. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/word-lovers-blog/new/collins-2017-word-of-the-year-shortlist,396,HCB.html|title=Collins 2017 Word of the Year Shortlist - New on the blog - Word Lover's blog - Collins 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^{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/word-lovers-blog/new/collins-2017-word-of-the-year-shortlist,396,HCB.html|title=Collins 2017 Word of the Year Shortlist - New on the blog - Word Lover's blog - Collins Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-11}} 89. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/word-lovers-blog/new/collins-2017-word-of-the-year-shortlist,396,HCB.html|title=Collins 2017 Word of the Year Shortlist - New on the blog - Word Lover's blog - Collins Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-11}} 90. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/word-lovers-blog/new/collins-2017-word-of-the-year-shortlist,396,HCB.html|title=Collins 2017 Word of the Year Shortlist - New on the blog - Word Lover's blog - Collins Dictionary|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-11}} 91. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/collins-dictionary-2018-word-of-the-year-revealed-1.3688069|title=Collins Dictionary 2018 word of the year revealed|last=|first=|date=2018-11-07|work=The Irish Times|access-date=2018-11-08}} 92. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/single-use|title=Definition of 'single-use'|last=|first=|date=|website=Collins English Dictionary|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-11-08}} 93. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/word-lovers-blog/new/collins-2018-word-of-the-year-shortlist,451,HCB.html|title=Collins 2018 Word of the Year Shortlist|last=Quin|first=Rachel|date=2018-11-07|website=Collins English Dictionary|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-11-08}} 94. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-01-15/why-milkshake-duck-deserves-its-word-of-the-year-win/9323348 |title=Why 'milkshake duck' is the perfect choice for word of the year |first=Tiger |last=Webb |work=ABC News |date=15 January 2018 |accessdate=15 January 2018}} 95. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/news/view/article/495/ |title=The Committee's Choice for Word of the Year 2017 goes to... |publisher=Macquarie Dictionary |date=15 January 2018 |accessdate=15 January 2018}} 96. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/resources/view/word/of/the/year/|title=Committee's Choice and People's Choice announced! |publisher=Macquarie Dictionary |date=23 January 2018 |accessdate=16 February 2018}} 97. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/jan/25/fake-news-named-word-of-the-year-by-macquarie-dictionary?CMP=soc_568|title='Fake news' named word of the year by Macquarie Dictionary|last=Hunt|first=Elle|date=2017-01-24|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=2017-02-05|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} 98. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/halal-snack-pack-named-peoples-choice-word-of-2016-by-macquarie-dictionary-20170201-gu2ui2.html|title=The people have spoken... a lot about the halal snack pack|last=Woods|first=Emily|date=2017-02-01|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2017-02-05|language=en-US}} 99. ^{{Cite web|title = Tony Abbott's lexical legacy: Captain's call is 2015 Word of the Year|url = http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/tony-abbotts-lexical-legacy-captains-call-is-2015-word-of-the-year-20160120-gmaeiv.html|website = The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date = 2016-01-20}} 100. ^{{Cite web|title = Macquarie Dictionary Word of the Year |url = https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/resources/view/word/of/the/year/ |website = Macquarie Dictionary |access-date = 2016-03-22}} 101. ^{{Cite web|title= Macquarie Dictionary words of the year: 'mansplain' and 'share plate'|url= http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/macquarie-dictionary-words-of-the-year-mansplain-and-share-plate-20150206-137il8.html|website= The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate= 2015-11-18}} 102. ^{{Cite web|title = The Macquarie Dictionary Word of the Year is ...|url = http://theconversation.com/the-macquarie-dictionary-word-of-the-year-is-22522|website = The Conversation|access-date = 2016-01-19}} 103. ^{{Cite web|title= 'Shovel-ready' wins Macquarie's word of year|url= http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2010/02/04/shovel-ready-wins-macquaries-word-year|website= News|accessdate= 2015-11-18}} 104. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-6138377-7.html |title= Merriam-Webster launches 'Word of the Year' online poll |publisher=CNET |date=2007-11-27 |accessdate=2007-12-29}} 105. ^{{cite web|title=Word of the Year Archive|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/info/woy_archive.htm|publisher=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=30 December 2013}} 106. ^{{Cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/12/world/feminism-merriam-webster-year-trnd/index.html|title=Merriam-Webster's word of the year for 2017 is 'feminism'|last=CNN|first=Doug Criss,|work=CNN|access-date=2017-12-12}} 107. ^Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year: Frequently Asked Questions (viewed Nov. 20, 2013). 108. ^{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/14/uk/oxford-dictionary-word-of-the-year-toxic-gbr-intl/index.html|title=Toxic: Oxford Dictionaries sums up the mood of 2018 with word of the year|publisher=CNN|date=15 November 2018|accessdate=15 November 2018}} 109. ^{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/word-of-the-year/word-of-the-year-2016|title=Word of the Year 2016 is... {{!}} Oxford Dictionaries|website=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English|access-date=2016-11-19}} 110. ^{{cite web |url=http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2015/11/word-of-the-year-2015-emoji/ |title=Oxford names 'emoji' 2015 Word of the Year |work=Oxford Dictionaries |date=16 November 2015 |accessdate=16 November 2015}} 111. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/11/18/vape-oxford-word-year/19212351/ |title=Oxford names 'vape' 2014 Word of the Year |work=USA Today |date=18 November 2014 |accessdate=18 November 2014 |author=Grisham, Lori}} 112. ^The Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2013 is... (viewed Nov. 20, 2013). 113. ^ GLM was founded in [Silicon Valley] by Paul JJ Payack in 2003 and moved to [Austin, Texas] some five years later. Top Words of the Decade 114. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.languagemonitor.com/global-english/truth-is-top-word-of-the-year-2017/|title=“Truth” is Top Word of the Year 2017 by The Global Language Monitor|last=|first=|date=2017-12-24|website=Global Language Monitor|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-11-12}} 115. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/19/top-words-of-the-decade-2_n_363554.html |work=Huffington Post |first=Katherine |last=Goldstein |title=Top Words Of The Decade 2000-2009: Most Popular Words |date=2009-11-19}} 116. ^A Word a Year: 1906–2006 117. ^A Word a Year: 1905–2005 118. ^A Word a Year: 1904–2004 119. ^German Word of the Year 120. ^"Unword of the year" in Germany External links
2 : Word of the year|Lists of words |
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