“COMPAS (software)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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COMPAS (software)

释义

Risk Assessment
Pretrial Release Risk scale General Recidivism scale Violent Recidivism scale
References

COMPAS, an acronym for Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions, is a case management and decision support tool developed by Northpointe (now Equivant) used by U.S. courts to assess the likelihood of a defendant becoming a recidivist.^[1]^[2]

Risk Assessment

The COMPAS software uses an algorithm to assess potential recidivism risk. Northpointe created risk scales for general and violent recidivism, and for pretrial misconduct. According to the COMPAS Practitioner's Guide, the scales were designed using behavioral and psychological constructs "of very high relevance to recidivism and criminal careers."{{sfn|Northpointe|2015|p=27}}

Pretrial Release Risk scale

Pretrial risk is a measure of the potential for an individual to fail to appear and/or to commit new felonies while on release. According to the research that informed the creation of the scale, "current charges, pending charges, prior arrest history, previous pretrial failure, residential stability, employment status, community ties, and substance abuse" are the most significant indicators affecting pretrial risk scores.{{sfn|Northpointe|2015|p=27}}

General Recidivism scale

The General Recidivism scale is designed to predict new offenses upon release, and after the COMPAS assessment is given. The scale uses an individual's criminal history and associates, drug involvement, and indications of juvenile delinquency.{{sfn|Northpointe|2015|p=26}}

Violent Recidivism scale

Similar to the General Recidivism scale, the Violent Recidivism score is meant to predict offenses following release. The scale uses data or indicators that include a person's "history of violence, history of non-compliance, vocational/educational problems, the person’s age-at-intake and the person’s age-at-first- arrest."{{sfn|Northpointe|2015|p=28}} An individual's risk score for violent recidivism is calculated as follows:

Violent Recidivism Risk Score = (age∗−w)+(age-at-first-arrest∗−w)+(history of violence∗w) + (vocation education ∗ w) + (history of noncompliance ∗ w), where w is weight, the size of which is "determined by the strength of the item’s relationship to person offense recidivism that we observed in our study data."{{sfn|Northpointe|2015|p=29}}

References

1. ^{{cite news |title=A computer program used for bail and sentencing decisions was labeled biased against blacks. It's actually not that clear. |author=Sam Corbett-Davies, Emma Pierson, Avi Feller and Sharad Goel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/10/17/can-an-algorithm-be-racist-our-analysis-is-more-cautious-than-propublicas/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=October 17, 2016 |accessdate=January 1, 2018}}
2. ^{{cite magazine |author=Aaron M. Bornstein |title=Are Algorithms Building the New Infrastructure of Racism? |magazine=Nautilus |date=December 21, 2017 |url=http://nautil.us/issue/55/trust/are-algorithms-building-the-new-infrastructure-of-racism |accessdate=January 2, 2018 |issue=055}}

{{Cite web|url=https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2840784/Practitioner-s-Guide-to-COMPAS-Core.pdf|title=A Practitioner's Guide to COMPAS Core|last=Northpointe|first=|date=15 March 2015|website=|page=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=|ref=harv}}

1 : Criminal justice in the United States

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