“Workingman's Dead”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Workingman's Dead is the fourth Grateful Dead studio album. It was recorded in February 1970 and originally released on June 14, 1970. The album and its studio follow-up, American Beauty, were recorded back-to-back using a similar style, eschewing the psychedelic experimentation of previous albums in favor of Jerry Garcia and Robert Hunter's Americana-styled songcraft.

In 2003, the album was ranked number 262 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

Recording

The band again recorded at Pacific High Recording Studio in San Francisco, spending just nine days there. After the protracted sessions required for the previous two studio albums, Garcia suggested "Let's do it all in three weeks and get it the hell out of the way".^[5] Besides trying to avoid the debt that had accumulated while recording Aoxomoxoa, the band was dealing with the stress of a recent drug bust in New Orleans{{spaced ndash}}which could have resulted in jail time. Additionally, they returned from a tour to find their soon-to-be-fired manager, Lenny Hart (father of drummer Mickey Hart), refusing to show the books to anyone else in the organization. "In midst of all this adverse stuff that was happening ... [recording the album] was definitely an upper," said Garcia in an interview.^[6]

Lyricist Robert Hunter had joined the band on the road for the first time, resulting in a period of faster song development. Unlike the psychedelic, electrified music for which the band had become known, the new songs took a new direction, reviving their folk-band roots. Bassist Phil Lesh stated "The song lyrics reflected an 'old, weird' America that perhaps never was ... The almost miraculous appearance of these new songs would also generate a massive paradigm shift in our group mind: from the mind-munching frenzy of a seven-headed fire-breathing dragon to the warmth and serenity of a choir of chanting cherubim. Even the album cover reflects this new direction: The cover for Aoxomoxoa is colorful and psychedelic, and that of Workingman’s Dead is monochromatic and sepia."^[7]

Workingman's Dead and American Beauty, the companion album that followed months later, were, according to drummer Bill Kreutzmann, both influenced by the Bakersfield sound. He explained "We tried to be like a Bakersfield band{{spaced ndash}}but one that still sounded like we were from 300 miles north of that town ... we held to our psychedelic roots. Workingman's Dead was all about discovering the song ... American Beauty became all about having the harmonies to do that".^[8]{{Quote box|width=25em|bgcolor=#ACE1AF|quote="This was, sort of, stepping out of our spacesuit and coming down to Earth and putting on a pair of Osh Kosh and digging the furrows ... we would have to bring the music in, to support the texts: Hunter's Holy Grail"|source=- Mickey Hart^[9]}}

While on tour in Boulder, Colorado, the previous year, Garcia had purchased a steel guitar and was now keen to use it on the new batch of songs. Lesh explained, "Just as with any other instrument he picked up, he made it sing. The main impetus for this development was the nature of the new songs Hunter and Jerry had been writing; many of them had a decidedly country flavor ('Dire Wolf,' 'Friend of the Devil,' 'High Time,' 'Casey Jones,' 'Ripple'), and Jerry began using the new axe on these as they were slotted into the set lists. Bobby [Weir] also began bringing in covers of his favorite country tunes and some originals in that vein, so we were starting to see a trend developing. Personally, I was thrilled that the band could make such a complete musical about-face while still maintaining the flat-out weirdness that I’d come to know and love."^[10]

Songs such as "Uncle John's Band", "High Time", and "Cumberland Blues" were brought to life with soaring harmonies and layered vocal textures that had not previously been a part of the band's sound. According to the 1992 Dead oral history, Aces Back to Back, in the summer of 1968, Stephen Stills vacationed at Mickey Hart's ranch in Novato. "Stills lived with me for three months around the time of CSN's first record", recalls Hart, "and he and David Crosby really turned Jerry and Bobby onto the voice as the holy instrument. You know, 'Hey, is this what a voice can do?' That turned us away from pure improvisation and more toward songs."^[11]

Garcia commented that much of the sound of the album comes both from his pairing with Hunter, as well as the band's friendship with Crosby, Stills and Nash (renamed Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young with the addition of Canadian singer-songwriter Neil Young): "Hearing those guys sing and how nice they sounded together, we thought, 'We can try that. Let's work on it a little'."^[12]

Release

The album title came about when Jerry Garcia commented to lyricist Robert Hunter that the album was "turning into the 'workingman's Dead' version of the band".^[13] Having both worked on all of the album's songs and gone out on the road with the band, Hunter appears as a seventh member on the front cover photograph.

Warner Bros. released "Uncle John's Band" (backed with "New Speedway Boogie") as a single to promote the album. It received limited airplay, even though it was edited to a radio-friendly three-minute length and the lyric "goddamn" removed.

Readers of Rolling Stone voted Workingman's Dead the best album of 1970, followed by Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young's Déjà Vu and Van Morrison's Moondance.^[13]

The album was remastered and expanded in 2001 as part of The Golden Road (1965–1973) 12-CD box set. This version, given separate release in 2003, includes eight bonus tracks. A DVD-Audio version was also released in 2001, without the bonus material. In 2014 it was issued as a two-LP set, mastered at 45 rpm by Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab.

Track listing

Personnel

Charts and certifications

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web |first=Jason |last=Akeny |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/workingmans-dead-mw0000651044 |title=Workingman's Dead |website=AllMusic |access-date=September 26, 2018}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last=Beviglia|first=Jim|date=January–February 2014|title=The Grateful Dead: Workingman's Dead |journal=American Songwriter|volume=29|issue=2|page=55|publisher=ForASong Media, LLC|issn=0896-8993|url=http://www.americansongwriter.com/|accessdate=December 27, 2013}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Christgau|first=Robert|authorlink=Robert Christgau|year=1981|title=Rock Albums of the Seventies|publisher=Ticknor & Fields|isbn=089919026X|chapter=Consumer Guide '70s: G|chapter-url=https://www.robertchristgau.com/get_chap.php?k=G&bk=70|accessdate=February 24, 2019|via=robertchristgau.com}}
4. ^[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/the-grateful-dead/albumguide ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628185005/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/the-grateful-dead/albumguide |date=June 28, 2011 }}
5. ^{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Blair |date=1999 |title=Garcia: An American Life |publisher=Penguin Books, New York, NY. p. 181}}
6. ^{{cite book |last=Jackson |first=Blair |date=1999 |title=Garcia: An American Life |publisher=Penguin Books, New York, NY. p. 189}}
7. ^{{cite book |last=Lesh |first=Phil |date=2005 |title=Searching for the Sound |publisher=Little, Brown & Co., New York, NY. Chapter 13 |isbn=978-0-316-00998-0}}
8. ^{{cite book |last=Kreutzmann |first=Bill |date=2015 |title=Deal |publisher=St. Martin's Press, New York. Chapter 9 |isbn=978-1-250-03380-2}}
9. ^{{cite AV media|title=Classic Albums - The Grateful Dead: Anthem to Beauty |date=1999 | medium=DVD | publisher=Rhino/WEA}}
10. ^{{cite book |last=Lesh |first=Phil |date=2005 |title=Searching for the Sound |publisher=Little, Brown & Co., New York, NY. Chapter 11 |isbn=978-0-316-00998-0}}
11. ^{{cite book |last=Allen |first=Scott W. |date=1992 |title=Aces Back to Back|publisher=Outskirts Press, Parker, CO.}}
12. ^Grateful Dead: The Illustrated Trip. Jake Woodward, et al. Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2003, p. 119.
13. ^¹Grateful Dead: The Illustrated Trip. Jake Woodward, et al. Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2003, p. 108.
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://deadessays.blogspot.com/2010/10/mysterious-case-of-121770.html |title=Grateful Dead Guide: The Mysterious Case of 12/17/70 |publisher=Deadessays.blogspot.com |date=2010-10-05 |accessdate=2015-04-24}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Top 200 Albums - week of June 27, 1970|url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-200/1970-06-27|website=Billboard|accessdate=3 December 2016|location=Scroll down to Workingman's Dead and hover}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=Workingman&artist=grateful%20dead&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25 |title=RIAA Gold & Platinum database-Workingman's Dead|accessdate=February 28, 2009}}