| 词条 | Concejo abierto |
| 释义 |
The concejo abierto (literally: "open council") is the regime under which the local government of some small Spanish municipalities operate. A case of direct democracy,{{Sfn|Cosculluela Montaner|1987|p=202}} the system contemplates the existence of two bodies: the Mayor and the asamblea vecinal ("neighboring assembly"), also known as concejo, formed by the all the electors of the municipality.{{Sfn|Cosculluela Montaner|1987|pp=213-214}} It is also used by other entities below the municipal level.{{Sfn|Cosculluela Montaner|1987|p=202}} The origins of the regime trace back to the Middle Ages, as a custom primarily originated in the Kingdoms of León and Castile, although it also extended to other territories as well, chiefly in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.{{Sfn|Cosculluela Montaner|1987|pp=199-200}} In many settlements, the concejo abierto was replaced by the "regimiento" system (also called consejo cerrado, "close council"), in which a decision-making body of limited size formed by judges or alcaldes as well as a number of regidores appointed by the King was contemplated; in the case of Castile, this process chiefly took place between 1345 and the later years of the rule of Alfonso XI.{{Sfn|Monsalvo Antón|1990|pp=359-360}} The contemporary form of the concejo abierto regime is recognised in the 1978 Spanish Constitution (Art. 140).{{Sfn|Cosculluela Montaner|1987|p=201}} This system contrasts to the conventional regime used by most municipalities, in which the government authority (the ayuntamiento, often translated as city or municipal council in English) comprises in its most basic form the local councillors who form the plenary (elected in a party-list proportional representation voting), and the Mayor, elected in turn by the councillors among themselves. See also
ReferencesBibliography
3 : Local government in Spain|Direct democracy|Forms of local government |
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