| 词条 | Connecticut College Black Womanhood Conference |
| 释义 |
The Connecticut College Black Womanhood Conference was a three-day conference to celebrate the roles of black women in numerous professional spheres, including education, medicine, fine arts, and politics. It is thought to be the first conference of its kind to occur on an American college campus.[1] HistoryThe Class of 1931 had the first black student to enroll and graduate from Connecticut College, followed by another student in the Class of 1949 who did not graduate. During the 1950s, six black students were present at the College, but the classes of 1959 to 1967 at were made up of only white students. However, in 1968, ten black students enrolled in the College. This change prompted administrative efforts to further recruit underrepresented groups into the college. In the same year, the first Afro-American Society at Connecticut College was founded, simultaneous to the admission of men into the previously all-women's college.[2] After a year of planning, the Black Womanhood Conference was set to take place on April 18–20, 1969 with the aid of Sue Johnson, executive coordinator, and Dr. Mabel Smythe, Advisory Board and Board of Trustees member. Student leader Beverly Phillips described the purpose of the conference in the following statement: "Being Black, we feel that the Black contribution to America has been slighted. Being Black women, we have tried to bring distinguished Black women of many fields to this campus, to talk about what it is to be Black in this society and to discuss the Black experience as it relates to their individual professions."[1] ConferenceKeynote addressVinie Burroughs, star of the one-woman, Off-Broadway production Walk Together, Children, performed a speech that integrated excerpts from Black American literature in order to convey the experiences of black women, asserting that "black womanhood is singularly featured in the works of black poets and writers."[3][4] SeminarsSeminars led by prominent black woman figures representing a wide range of professional interests took place in the dormitory common rooms. Guest speakers included Jewel Plummer Cobb, a professor of biology at Sarah Lawrence College, cancer researcher, and upcoming Dean of the College at Connecticut College;[5] Dr. Alyce Gullatee, a Washington D.C. psychiatrist and Emmy-award nominee for NBC special The Disabled Mind;[6] Ruth Wilson, an elementary school teacher in New Haven;[5] the Honorable Constance Baker Motley, a judge in the federal district court for the Southern District of New York;[7] Inge Hardison, sculptor of black historical figures;[8] Joyce Mitchell Cook, philosophy professor at Bryn Mawr College;[5] Rachel Robinson, medical researcher and wife of professional baseball player Jackie Robinson;[4] and Dr. Mabel Smythe, United States Ambassador and Connecticut College Board of Trustees member.[9][10] PerformancesAs the opening event of the conference, as well as to represent black women's influence in the fine arts, husband-and-wife duo Pearl Primus and Percival Borde, founders of a touring Afro-Caribbean dance company performed West Indian and African dance.[11] As a continuation of the theme of black women in the arts, Saturday night closed with a performance by singer-songwriter and activist Odetta.[12][13] Closing addressEleanor Holmes Norton, assistant legal director of American Civil Liberities Union and future Congresswoman, delivered a concluding address that dealt with the role of black women in American and differences between white and black families.[14][15] Inspired by the work of Gwendolyn Brooks, Norton explored how the nuanced experiences of black women and their families distinguish them from white women and families; this difference can enable the establishment of egalitarian ideals within black family structures and the professional world.[16]LegacyThe conference is believed to be the first of its kind to occur on an American college campus. This was a significant accomplishment given the conference's historical proximity to the Civil Rights Movement, as well as the majority of white women on Connecticut College's campus.[17] Proceeds collected from the conference were donated to a black student scholarship fund in order to build upon mission of the College to foster admission of underrepresented groups.[18] References1. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Herskewitz|first=Linda|date=1969-03-19|title=Black Womanhood Weekend To Emphasize Exposure|url=http://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/ccnews_1968_1969/4|journal=Connecticut College ConnCensus|volume=53|issue=6}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.conncoll.edu/campus-life/unity-house/unity-house-history/|title=Unity House History|website=Connecticut College|access-date=2016-09-30}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=This Land is Hers|last=Sheridan|first=Hope|date=|work=The Hartford Courant|access-date=|via=The Linda Lear Center for Special Collections and Archives}} 4. ^1 {{Cite news|url=|title=Conference to Pay Tribute to Achievements of Black Women|last=|first=|date=April 14, 1969|work=The Hartford Courant|access-date=|via=Connecticut College: Linda Lear Center for Special Collections and Archives}} 5. ^1 2 "Guest Speakers at Black Womanhood Conference." Conference on Black Womanhood, Folder 1. Linda Lear Center for Special Collections and Archives, Connecticut College. 6. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Black Womanhood Conference Held in Conn. College|last=|first=|date=May 17, 1969|work=The New Courier|access-date=|via=Connecticut College: Linda Lear Center for Special Collections and Archives}} 7. ^"Using The Law For Social Change: Judge Constance Baker Motley." Journal of Women's History 2 (2002): 136. Project MUSE. Web. 7 Oct. 2016. 8. ^Roberts, Sam. "Inge Hardison, 102, Actress and Sculptor." The New York Times 2016: 25. Academic OneFile. Web. 7 Oct. 2016. 9. ^Patricia Sullivan The Washington, Post. "AMBASSADOR, EDITOR MABEL SMYTHE-HAITH." South Florida Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, FL) 27 Feb. 2006: NewsBank. Web. 7 Oct. 2016 10. ^Nolan, Cathal J. Notable U.S. Ambassadors Since 1775 : A Biographical Dictionary. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997. eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 7 Oct. 2016. 11. ^{{Cite journal|title=Percival Borde (1923-1979)|journal=Dance Research Journal|publisher=Congress on Research in Dance|volume=12|issue=1}} 12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NNtGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Q_gMAAAAIBAJ&pg=3031%2C2346029|title=African Dance Experts to Perform at College|last=|first=|date=April 15, 1969|work=The Day|access-date=|via=}} 13. ^"Odetta." International Talent Associates, Inc. Black Womanhood Conference: 1969, Folder 1. Linda Lear Center for Special Collections and Archives, Connecticut College. 14. ^{{Cite news|url=http://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1011&context=ccnews_1968_1969|title=Black Conference Immense Success|last=Hatcher|first=Vickie|date=April 29, 1969|work=Connecticut College ConnCensus|access-date=|via=}} 15. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Study Attempts To Find Why Black Men Leave Their Wives, Families|last=Cohen|first=Steven A.|date=June 4, 1969|work=The Hartford Courant|access-date=|via=Connecticut College: Linda Lear Center for Special Collections and Archives}} 16. ^Norton's Closing Address. Black Womanhood Conference: 1969, Folder 1. Linda Lear Center for Special Collections and Archives, Connecticut College. 17. ^Thomson, Margaret L. "Black Womanhood Conference at Connecticut College April 18, 19, and 20, 1969." Letter to Editors and News Directors. 20 Mar. 1969. MS. News Office, Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut. 18. ^{{Cite news|url=|title=Thirteen Women Address Black Womanhood Conference|last=|first=|date=April 19, 1969|work=The Hartford Courant|access-date=|via=Connecticut College: Linda Lear Center for Special Collections and Archives}} 4 : Connecticut College|African-American women's organizations|Women's organizations based in the United States|Women's conferences |
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