“World Federation of Trade Unions”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in 1945 to replace the International Federation of Trade Unions. Its mission was to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. After a number of Western trade unions left it in 1949, as a result of disputes over support for the Marshall Plan, to form the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, the WFTU was made up primarily of unions affiliated with or sympathetic to communist parties. In the context of the Cold War, the WFTU was often portrayed as a Soviet front organization.^[3] A number of those unions, including those from Yugoslavia and China, left later when their governments had ideological differences with the Soviet Union.

History

The WFTU declined as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union and socialist governments in Eastern Europe, in particular in Europe, with many of its former constituent unions joining the ICFTU. That fall seems to have come to an end since the congress in Havana in 2005 where a new leadership was elected with Georges Mavrikos, a Greek union activist from PAME, leading member of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), at its head.

In January 2006 it moved its headquarters from Prague, Czech Republic to Athens, Greece and reinvigorated its activity by putting focus on organizing regional federations of unions in the Third World, by organizing campaigns against imperialism, racism, poverty, environmental degradation and exploitation of workers under capitalism and in defense of full employment, social security, health protection, and trade union rights. The WFTU devotes much of its energy to organizing conferences, issuing statements and producing educational materials and courses for trade union leaders.

In recent years, the WFTU has successfully managed to recruit several trade unions of importance in Europe, amongst which the Rail Maritime Trade Union in Great Britain, the Unione Sindicale di Base in Italy. In France, the CGT federation of food processing industry has maintained its affiliation with the WFTU. The CGT federation of Chemical industries sent delegates to the last congress in Athens in 2011. In 2013, two local CGT railway workers branches have taken steps to become affiliates with the WFTU.

The different offices of the WFTU across the different continents organize regular exchanges and militant visits of trade union activists from an affiliate to another in order to further discussions, foster internationalist ties, establish an international activity of its affiliates around shared objectives and campaigns, against common adversaries.

In Africa, unions of major importance such as COSATU in South Africa have affiliated with the WFTU.

As part of its efforts to advance its international agenda, the WFTU develops working partnerships with national and industrial trade unions worldwide as well as with a number of international and regional trade union organizations including the Organization of African Trade Union Unity (OATUU), the International Confederation of Arab Trade Unions (ICATU), the Permanent Congress of Trade Union Unity of Latin America (CPUSTAL), and the General Confederation of Trade Unions of CIS countries.

The WFTU holds consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, the ILO, UNESCO, FAO, and other UN agencies. It maintains permanent missions in New York, Geneva, and Rome.

Affiliates

National Affiliates

2 national federations of the French CGT 🇫🇷 (confederation general du travail) are affiliated to the WFTU : Food and wood processing federation, chemical and oil federation.

Trade Union Internationals

The TUI system has gone through a number of transformations in its over 60 years of existence. The earliest TUI was the {{Clarify|reason=incomplete sentence|date=July 2014}}.

The following Trade Unions Internationals are constituted within the WFTU:^[4] {{Clarify|reason=incomplete sentence|date=July 2014}}.

During the late 1940s, the WFTU unsuccessfully tried to reach an agreement with already existing international trade secretariats. When the Union split in 1949 they were left without an organization at the level of specific industries. Therefore, they created the:

Over time, some of these original eleven would expand their bases, change their names or merge:

Other than the initial eleven, two new TUIs were formed during the course of the Cold War:

Post-Cold War developments

After the dissolution of the Eastern bloc, the Trade Unions International of Energy Workers and the Trade Union International of Metal and Engineering Workers temporarily suspended operations. In 1998 a conference was held in Havana which merged these two organizations and the Trade Union International of Chemical, Oil and Allied Workers in a new group, Trade Union International of Energy, Metal, Chemical, Oil and Allied Industries. This organization was reorganized again as the Trade Unions International of Energy Workers in 2007. This left the metal workers an opportunity create a new TUI the next year, Trade Union International of Workers in the Mining, the Metallurgy and the Metal Industries.^[13]^[16]

In 1997 the Trade Union International of Agroalimentary, Food, Commerce, Textile & Allied Industries was formed by the merger of the Trade Union International of Agricultural, Forestry and Plantation Workers, Trade Union International of Food, Tobacco, Hotel and Allied Industries Workers, Trade Union International of Workers in Commerce, Trade Union International of Textile, Leather and Fur Workers Unions.^[16]

The Trade Union International of Workers in Tourism and Hotels^[17] was founded in 2009, the Trade Union International of Banks, Insurance and Financial Unions Employees^[18] in 2011 and the Trade Union International of Trade Unions of Pensioners and Retired Persons in 2014.^[19]

General secretaries

Presidents

See also

References

1. ^{{Cite web | title = WFTU | work = wftucentral.org | accessdate = 2018-01-31 | url = http://www.wftucentral.org/ }}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wftucentral.org/download/documents/documents%20en/WFTU_Report-of-Action-2011-2016_EN_web.pdf |title=WFTU Report of Action 2011–2016 |year=2016 |accessdate=2017-02-08}}
3. ^Richard Felix Staar, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hvv7U15xCtMC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Foreign policies of the Soviet Union], Hoover Press, 1991, {{ISBN|0-8179-9102-6}}, p.84
4. ^TUIs CONTACT DETAILS
5. ^[https://archive.org/details/frontorgs Facts about international Communist front organisations] 1957 p. 55
6. ^Coldrick, A. Percy and Jones, Philip. The international directory of the trade union movement New York : Facts on File, [1978] pp. 170–71
7. ^Directory of World Federation of Trade Unions Washington Office of International Labor Affairs, June 1955 pp. 47–49
8. ^Facts about international Communist front organisations pp. 31–32
9. ^Directory of World Federation of Trade Unions 1955 p. 48
10. ^Directory of World Federation of Trade Unions Washington Office of International Labor Affairs, December 1958 p. 52
11. ^Directory of World Federation of Trade Unions 1955 p. 49
12. ^Directory of World Federation of Trade Unions December 1958 p. 56
13. ^¹Project for Articles of Association p. 16
14. ^Coldrick, A. Percy and Jones, Philip. The international directory of the trade union movement New York : Facts on File, [1978] p. 183
15. ^[https://archive.org/details/dudeman5685_yahoo_WFTU The World Federation of Trade Unions, 1945–1985. ] Prague; Published by the WTFU in cooperation with PRACE Czechoslovak Trade Unions 1985 pp. 156–7
16. ^¹Europa World Year Book London; Taylor & Francis, 2004 p.342
17. ^Report of Action 2006–2010 p. 106
18. ^Report of Action 2006–2010 p. 116
19. ^Initial intervention of Congress Founding – Feb. 5, 2014